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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Filters the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume within the body
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Kidney (nephr/o, ren/o)
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Collects urine produced by the kidney
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Renal pelvis (pyel,o)
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Liquid waste products to be excreted
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Urine (ur/o, urin/o)
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transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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Ureters (ureter/o)
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Stores urine until it is excreted
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Urinary Bladder (cyst/o)
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Transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus, where it is excreted from the body
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Urethra (urethr/o)
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A state of equilibrium that produces a constant internal environment throughout the body
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Homeostasis
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Means sameness
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home/o
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means control
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-stasis
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major waste product of protein metabolism
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Urea
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Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra
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Urinary system / aka urinary tract
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means pertaining to the kidneys
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renal
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means pertaining to being located directly behind the peritoneum
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retroperitoneally
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membrane that lines the adominal cavity
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peritoneum
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outer rim of the kidney
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renal cortex
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The renal cortex contains over one million units called
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nephrons
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The inner region of the kidney
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medulla
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A small tube
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tubule
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funnel shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and the medulla
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renal pelvis
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The functional units of the kidneys. They form urine by the process of filtratiom, reabsorption, and secretion
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nephrons
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Each nephron contains a _________ which is a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowmans capsule
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glomerulus (plural glomeruli)
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What is the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw collor
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Urochrome
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Means urine
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ur/o
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means color
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-chrome
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A hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine. It is located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity and stores about one pint of urine.
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urinary bladder
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The tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body.
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urethra
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There's one located at either end of the urethra, control the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra and out of the urethra through the urethral meatus
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urinary sphincters
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a ring like muscle that closes a passageway
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sphincter
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the external opening of the urethra
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urethral meatus (aka urinary meatus)
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external opening of a canal
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meatus
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is approximately 1.5 inches long and is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina
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female urethra
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is approximately 8 inches long, and is located at the tip of the penis
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male urethra
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are narrow tubes each about 10 to 12 inches long.
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ureters
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As the bladder fills up, pressure is placed on the base of the urethral, resulting in t he urge to________
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urinate or micturate
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The normal process of excreting urine
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urination aka (micturition) or voiding
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specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
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nephrologist
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means kidney
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nephr
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means specialist
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-ologist
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specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary systems of females and the genitourinary system of males
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urologist
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means urine
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-ur
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the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions
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renal failure aka ( kidney failure)
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Is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
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anuria
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means without
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an-
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means urine
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-uria
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a toxic condition caused by excessive amount of urea and other waste products in the blood stream
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uremia aka (uremic posioning)
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Has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. Can be caused by a drop in blood pressure or blood volume due to injury or surgery.
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acute renal failure
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Is the progresive loss ofrenal functions due to a variety of conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension
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Chronic renal failure
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Refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure, in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys
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End-stage renal disease
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a condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and low levels of protein are present in the blood
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nephrotic syndrome
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means pertaining too
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-tic
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any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflamation
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nephrosis
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means abnormal condition
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-osis
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is excessive fluid in the body tissues
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edema
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is the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
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hyperproteinuria
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means excessive
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hyper-
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means protein
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protein
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Is the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
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hypoproteinemia
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means deficient
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hypo-
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means blood condition
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-emie or -emia
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is the presence of abnormally large amounts of lipids in the blood
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hyperlipidemia
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means lipids
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lipid
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also means a disease to the kidney however it includes both degenerative conditions and inflammatory diseases
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nephropathy
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means disease
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-pathy
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Is a kidney disease characterized by hyperproteinuria, which is a result of thickening and hardening of the glomeruli caused by long term diabetes mellitus
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Diabetic nephropathy
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is the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
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hydronephrosis
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means water
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hydr/o
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Is the distention of a kidney
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Nephrectasis
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means enlargement
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-ectasis
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is an inflamation of the kidney
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nephritis
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means inflammation
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-itis
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Is a type of nephritis that involves primarily theglomeruki
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Glomerulonephritis
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means glomeruli
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glomerul/o
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is the prolapse or downward displacement, of a kidney
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Nephroptosis aka (floating kidney)
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means dropping down
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-ptosis
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means slipping or falling out of place
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prolapse
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is suppuration of the kidney
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nephropyosis
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means pus
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py
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means the formation or discharge of pus
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suppuration
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is an inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys become enlarged because of multiple cysts
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polyctstic kidney disease
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means many
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-poly
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means cyst
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cyst
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means pertaining to
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-ic
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Is an inflammation of the renal pelvis
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pyelitis
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means renal pelvis
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pyel
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is an inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney
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pyelonephritis
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is an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone
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Renal colic
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means spasmodic pains in the abdomen
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Colic
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Is an abnormal mineral deposit. usually formed when waste products in the urine crystallize
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stone aka (calculus)
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Is a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney
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nephrolithiasis
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means the presence of stones
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lithiasis
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