Chapter 9 Teachers, Schools And Society Study Words

Front 1

Acculturation/Melting Pot

Back 1

The acquisition of the dominant culture's norms by a member of the nondominant culture. The nondominant culture typically loses its own culture, language, and sometimes religion in this process.

Front 2

Americanization

Back 2

The acculturation of American norms and values. (replacing the old culture with the new American one)

Front 3

charter school

Back 3

A group of teachers, parents, and even businesses may petition a local school board, or state government, to form a charter school that is exempt from many state and local regulations. Designed to promote creative new schools, the charter represents legal permission to try new approaches to educate students. First charter legislation was passed in Minnesota in 1991.

Front 4

distance learning

Back 4

Courses, programs, and training provided to students over long distances through television, the Internet, and other technologies.

Front 5

full service school

Back 5

These schools provide a network of social services from nutrition and health care to parental education and transportation, all designed to support the comprehensive educational needs of children.

Front 6

green schools

Back 6

Schools that offer healthier learning environments with clean air and water, nourishing and natural foods, nontoxic cleaners, and more outdoor activities. Academic performance often improves in green schools, and absenteeism decreases.

Front 7

homeschooling

Back 7

A growing trend (but a longtime practice) of parents educating their children at home, for religious or philosophical reasons. *******************************************

Front 8

magnet school

Back 8

A specialized school open to all students in a district on a competitive or lottery basis. It provides a method of drawing children away from segregated neighborhood schools while affording unique educational specialties, such as science, math, and the performing arts.

Front 9

merit pay

Back 9

A salary system that bases a teacher's pay on performance. ********************************************************************************************************

Front 10

A Nation at Risk

Back 10

The Imperative for Education Reform A 1983 federal report that characterized U.S. schools as mediocre, putting the nation at risk of losing economic and technological ground to other countries. The report called for renewed emphasis on core academic subjects and ushered in the era of "back to basics" education.

Front 11

norm-referenced tests

Back 11

Tests that compare individual students with others in a designated norm group. ***************************************************************

Front 12

objective-referenced tests

Back 12

Tests that measure whether students have mastered a designated body of knowledge rather than how they compare with other students in a norm group.

Front 13

open enrollment

Back 13

The practice of permitting students to attend the school of their choice within their school system. It is sometimes associated with magnet schools and desegregation efforts.

Front 14

Privatization

Back 14

The movement toward increased private sector, for-profit involvement in the management of public agencies, including schools.

Front 15

Reconstructionists

Back 15

Also called social reconstructionism, this is a view of education as a way to improve the quality of life, to reduce the chances of conflict, and to create a more humane world.

Front 16

service credit

Back 16

By volunteering in a variety of community settings, such as organizations serving the poor, the elderly, or the homeless, students meet what is now a high school graduation requirement in many states.

Front 17

Tenure

Back 17

A system of employment in which teachers, having served a probationary period, acquire an expectancy of continued employment. The majority of states have tenure laws.

Front 18

value added

Back 18

A statistical measure showing the contribution of teachers and schools toward growth in student achievement. Value-added measures are increasingly used to determine which teachers are rewarded and which teachers are replaced.

Front 19

virtual schools

Back 19

A type of distance education offered through the Internet. Virtual schools provide asynchronous learning and may offer specialized courses not typically found in traditional schools.

Front 20

voucher

Back 20

A voucher is like a coupon, and it represents money targeted for schools. In a voucher system, parents use educational vouchers to "shop" for a school. Schools receive part or all of their per-pupil funding from these vouchers. In theory, good schools would thrive and poor ones would close for lack of students.

Front 21

Tools to reconstruct society

Back 21

social action curriculum, service credit, Paulo Freire's The Pedagogy of the Oppressed **********************

Front 22

John Goodlad

Back 22

He said parents, teachers, and students rank four main goals (academic, social/civic, vocational, and personal) "very important."

Front 23

value added teaching.

Back 23

The idea that teacher raises would be linked to student gains on standardized tests is **********************************

Front 24

Teacher performance

Back 24

Bases teacher pay raises on outside observations. ***************************************************************************************************************

Front 25

"unilateral

educational

disarmament."

Back 25

A Nation at Risk charged that the United States had been committing ****************************************

Front 26

pretend attend.

Back 26

Students who are physically present in class but are not intellectually engaged are referred to as *****************************************

Front 27

pedagogues.

Back 27

Homeschool Parents who are motivated to offer a more effective education than what is available in public school, they are dissatisfied the quality of their neighborhood schools are called

Front 28

Reformers

Back 28

A charter advocate who wants to expand public school options, create a positive option for parents and children and perhaps promote a specific approach that is more student centered. They get positive reports in the press.

Front 29

Types of charter

advocates

Back 29

Reformers, zealots and entrepreneurs ***************************************************************************************************************************

Front 30

zealots

Back 30

A charter advocate who promotes more conservative schools and who typically do not like teacher unions. They emphasize traditional curricular ideas and teacher-centered classrooms

Front 31

entrepreneurs

Back 31

A charter advocate that consists of business people who believe that efficiency can convert schools into untapped profit centers. They believe that you can teach students and still make a profit for investors.

Front 32

KIPP

Back 32

Knowledge is Power Program-how to make inner city schools work. ***********************************************************************************************************************

Front 33

Knowledge Is Power

5 principles (KIPP)

Back 33

1. More time 2. High Expectations 3. choice and commitment 4. Power to lead and 5. Focus on results ( Most are African American and Hispanic.

Front 34

idealogues

Back 34

Homeschool parents who focus on imparting certain values. They create a homeschool where they choose the curriculum, create the rules, enforce a schedule and promote their beliefs, usually religious beliefs.

Front 35

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris

Back 35

In this ruling, the Supreme Court ruled in 2002 that the use of publicly funded vouchers to attend private religious schools does not violate the separation of church and state.

Front 36

The Lemon Test

Back 36

What do we call the three criteria determining the legality of government funds used in religious schools?

Front 37

The 1971 ruling in Lemon v. Kurtzman.

(3criteria)

Back 37

1)Must have a secular purpose

2)Must not primarily advance or prohibit religion

3)Must not result in excessive government entanglement with religion

Front 38

Edison Schools

Back 38

The Edison schools are the largest for-profit venture in public schools. ***************************************************************************

Front 39

successful schools

Back 39

These schools utilize faculty and staff to identify potential problems with students before they become more serious.

Front 40

Traditional five-factor theory

of effective schools- linked

to successful schools

Back 40

1. Strong Leadership

2. A Clear School mission

3. A safe and orderly climate

4. Monitoring student progress

5. High Expectations

Front 41

Pygmalion in the Classroom 1969 by Rosenthal and Jacobson

Back 41

They popularized the term "self-fulfilling prophecy and revealed that students may learn as much or as little as teachers expect.

Front 42

Teachers with low student expectations offer

Back 42

1. Fewer opportunities to respond

2. Less praise

3. Less challenging work

4. Few nonverbal signs (eye contact, smiles, positive regard)

Front 43

Additional factors of effective schools

Back 43

1. Early start

2. Focus on reading and math

3. School size-small schools learn more

4. smaller classes

5. Increased learning time

6. teacher training

7. trust

8. parental involvement.