Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way.
|
stimulus
|
|
What the body does in reaction to a stimulus
|
response
|
|
A cell that carries messages through the nervous system.
|
neuron
|
|
The message carried by a neuron.
|
nerve impulse
|
|
A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.
|
dendrite
|
|
A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
|
axon
|
|
A bundle of nerve fibers.
|
nerve
|
|
A neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse.
|
sensory neuron
|
|
A neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
|
interneuron
|
|
A neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle, causing the muscle to contract.
|
motor neuron
|
|
The tiny space between the tip of an axon and the next structure.
|
synapse
|
|
The brain and spinal cord; the control center of the body.
|
central nervous system
|
|
All the nerves located outside the central nervous system; connects the central nervous system to all parts of the body.
|
peripheral nervous system
|
|
The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions in the body.
|
brain
|
|
The thick column of nerve tissue that is enclosed by the vertebrae and that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
|
spinal cord
|
|
The part of the brain that interprets input from the senses, controls the movement of skeletal muscles, and carries out complex mental processes.
|
cerebrum
|
|
The part of the brain that coordinates the actions of the muscles and helps maintain balance.
|
cerebellum
|
|
The part of the brain that controls many body functions that occur automatically.
|
brainstem
|
|
The group of nerves that controls voluntary actions.
|
somatic nervous system
|
|
The group of nerves that controls involuntary actions.
|
autonomic nervous system
|
|
An automatic response that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control.
|
reflex
|
|
A bruiselike injury of the brain that occurs when the soft tissue of the cerebrum bumps against the skull.
|
concussion
|
|
The opening through which light enters the eye.
|
pupil
|
|
The circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
|
iris
|
|
The flexible structure that focuses light that has entered the eye.
|
lens
|
|
The layer of receptor cells at the back of the eye on which an image is focused; nerve impulses are sent from the retina to the brain.
|
retina
|
|
The condition in which nearby objects can be seen clearly but distant objects look blurry.
|
nearsightedness
|
|
The condition in which distant objects are seen clearly but nearby objects look blurry.
|
farsightedness
|
|
The membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear, and that vibrates when sound waves strike it.
|
eardrum
|
|
A snail-shaped tube in the inner ear lined with sound receptors; nerve impulses are sent from the cochlea to the brain.
|
cochlea
|
|
Structures in the inner ear that are responsible for the sense of balance.
|
semicircular canal
|
|
Any chemical that causes changes in a person's body or behavior.
|
drug
|
|
The deliberate misuse of drugs for purposes other than appropriate medical ones.
|
drug abuse
|
|
A state in which a drug user, after repeatedly taking a drug, needs larger and larger doses of the drug to produce the same effect.
|
tolerance
|
|
A period of adjustment that occurs when a drug-dependent person stops taking the drug.
|
withdrawal
|
|
A drug that slows down the activity of the central nervous system.
|
depressant
|
|
A drug that speeds up body processes.
|
stimulant
|
|
Synthetic chemicals that are similar to hormones produced in the body and that may increase muscle size and cause mood swings.
|
anabolic steroids
|
|
A disease in which a person is both physically addicted to and emotionally dependent on alcohol.
|
alcoholism
|