Chapter 9: Human Development

Front 1

Development

Back 1

The pattern of continuity and change in uman capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life, Including both growth and decline.

Front 2

Nature

Back 2

An individual's biological inheritance, especially his or her genes

Front 3

Nurture

Back 3

An individual's environmental and social experiences.

Front 4

Resilience

Back 4

A person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times.

Front 5

Prenatal Development

Back 5

Germinal Period: weeks 1-2

Embryonic period: weeks 3-8

Fetal period: Months 2-9

Front 6

Preferential Looking

Back 6

A technique that involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at.

Front 7

Assimilation

Back 7

When people incorporate new information into existing knowledge.

Front 8

Accommodation

Back 8

A person's adjustment of his or her ideas into to new information.

Front 9

Sensorimotor stage

Back 9

PIAGET's first stage

Lasts from birth to about 2 years of age.

When infants construct an understanding of the world by coordination sensory experiences with motor actions.

Front 10

Preoperational stage

Back 10

PIAGET's second stage

From age 2 to age 7.

Preoperational thought is more symbolic than sensorimotor thought. Children begin to represent their world with words, images, and drawing.

Front 11

Concrete Operational Stage

Back 11

PIAGET's third stage

From age 7 to age 11.

Children use operations and replace intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations.

Front 12

Formal Operational Stage

Back 12

PIAGET's final stage

Age 11 to 15. (continues through adulthood)

This stage is more abstract and logical than concrete operational thought. This includes thinking about things that are not concrete like making predictions and using logic to come up with hypotheses about the future.

Front 13

Temperment

Back 13

A person's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding.

Front 14

Infant Attachment

Back 14

The close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver.

Front 15

Secure attachment

Back 15

Infants use the caregiver, usually the mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment.

Front 16

Authoritarian Parenting

Back 16

BAUMRIND

A restrictive punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and to value hard work and effort.

Front 17

Authoritative Parenting

Back 17

BAUMRIND

A parenting style that encourages the child to be independent but that still places limits and control on behavior.

Front 18

Neglectful Parenting

Back 18

BAUMRIND

A parenting style characterized by a lack of parental involvement in the child's life

Front 19

Permissive parenting

Back 19

BAUMRIND

A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child's behavior.

Front 20

Prosocial Behavior

Back 20

Behavior that is intended to benefit other people.

Front 21

Puberty

Back 21

A period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence

Front 22

Androgens

Back 22

The main class of male sex hormones.

Front 23

Estrogens

Back 23

The main class of female sex hormones.

Front 24

Identity versus identity confusion

Back 24

Erikson's fifth psychological stage in which adolescents face the challenges of finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.

Front 25

Emerging adulthood

Back 25

The transitional period from adolescence to adulthood, spanning approximately 18 to 25 years of age.

Front 26

Wisdom

Back 26

Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life.

Front 27

Libido / Thanatos

Back 27

Libido = Life instincts

Thanatos = Death Instincts

Front 28

Proxemics

Back 28

Social Space

Front 29

Thalamus

Back 29

Sensory Switchboard

Smell is the only sense that doesn't go through the thalamus.

Front 30

Sensation

Back 30

The conversion of physical stimulation of the sense organs into sensory experiences

Front 31

Perception

Back 31

The process of meaningful organization of sensations.

Front 32

Cortisol

Back 32

The stress hormone

Front 33

Humor

Back 33

The mental process that causes laughter

Front 34

Laughter

Back 34

The physical action that is a product of humor and reduces stress hormones (Cortisol)

Front 35

Benign Violation Theory

Front 36

Absolute Threshold

Back 36

The amount of sound needed to notice that there is a sound at all.

Front 37

Difference Threshold

Back 37

The smallest amount of decibel change in sound to notice a difference in the loudness.

Front 38

Phineas Gage

Back 38

The guy who lost part of the brain by mining accident. This gave way to the learning of what he frontal lobe does.

Front 39

Lobotomy

Back 39

A procedure used to strop aggressiveness by destroying a part of the frontal cortex. However, the process also destroys the personality.

Front 40

Rhodopsin

Back 40

The chemical in your rods that helps ou see in the dark. Light bleaches it out & causes that flash when you from dark place to light. Takes 15-20 mins to come back.

Front 41

Ames Illusion

Back 41

It seems like the person is getting larger as they walk through it because the room is distorted.

Front 42

Labeling

Back 42

Once you get a psychiatric label, everyone views you by the label.

Front 43

Harlow

Back 43

Monkeys with warm mother and cold wire mother experiment

Front 44

Mary Ainsworth

Back 44

Strange experiment: secure infant is one that gets happy when mom leaves, but happy when she comes back

Front 45

Arnett

Back 45

Built upon Erikson's ideas; proposed identity status to describe someone's place in the development of an identity.

Front 46

Baumrind

Back 46

Authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful parenting

Front 47

Frankel

Back 47

Wrote "Man's search for meaning". Emphasized that people should active look for their life's meaning

Front 48

Vygotsky

Back 48

Recognized cognitive development as an interpersonal process in a cultural context.

Conflicted Piaget