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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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After Revolution- State Governments- Changes (5)
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Two house legislature
Listed personal liberties Governors powers limited Taxes/Property Qualifs. Separation of Church and State (many states) |
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What was done with Loyalist land?
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Seized, split up and sold to other people.
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Changes in Slavery after Revolution
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Slave trade abolished in most states
Gradual abolition of slavery in North, but discrimination sill existed everywhere. |
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Women's New Role
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Mother of the Nation- keepers of the nation's conscience
-develop republican values in children -educational opportunities expanded |
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Articles of Confederation says...
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-One unicameral Congress
-Each state has one vote -Can borrow money, has an army, and coins money -Deals with foreign affairs |
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Problems with old charters because...
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said "sea to sea" so they were claiming more land than they should be. -land ceded to government and two laws controlled it-
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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survey the land (made boundaries= less disputes)
one section of land went to schools (began school system) confederation sells the rest of the pieces to pay off national expenses |
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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Process by which states can be formed:
NW Territory can have up to 6 states -Elect a territorial legislature -Need 5,000 males/ 60,000 people then they can draw up a state constitution and apply for statehood |
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Encouragements to go to these territories
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-Religious Freedom
-Trial by Jury -Sacredness of Contracts -Giving up the political power in original 13 |
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Why encourage to go to territories?
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So that no one else could go there like British or Spanish
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Eight Weaknesses of the Articles
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1. Delegates from states were "automatons" didn't think for themselves
2. Only one vote per state. Nine had to agree 3. No executive branch to execute laws 4. No national court system 5. No central money supply- banks, states could print own money. no value now. 6. No power to collect taxes 7. Couldn't control interstate trade commerce. States taxing other states. 8. No respect from foreign countries -Brits refused to take forts down -Barbury pirates (Islamic) charge fee to go into Mediterranean -Spain closes Miss. River to us |
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Shays' Rebellion 1786
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W. Mass
led by farmer Daniel Shays Mass raised taxes and many farmers were facing bankruptcy so they revolted. marched on courts Lost but scared people into thinking that a central gov't was needed |
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Constitutional Convention 1787
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organized by Alexander Hamilton
all white men, rich secret meetings (so people wouldn't be harmed for opinions) scrapped the articles completely (against orders) Constitution - Bundle of Compromises |
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Great Compromise
(Connecticut Compromise) |
Virginia Plan= Bicameral based on population favoring large populated states
NJ Plan= unicameral. Equal reps for all states. Favored less populated states Bicameral Legislature with House of Reps (Pop.) and Senate(2 Each) |
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3/5 Compromise
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South wanted to count slaves in the census
North said not to Each slave = 3/5 of a person |
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Commerce Compromise
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South: don't give central gov't power to regulate foreign trade. Didn't want exports like tobacco to be taxed.
North: Give it power to regulate foreign trade. Wanted a protective tariff to protect internal trade from Britain's cheap textiles. Agreed: Give gov't power to regulate interstate trade. Tariffs can be levied and no taxes on exports |
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Slave Trade Compromise
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Congress can ban import of slaves in 1808.
South agreed because they thought that in 20 years they wouldn't need the slave trade anymore. |
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Compromise: Chief Executive = President
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some said he be called like a king, some said one year term
Pres must be 35 years old, native born, and resident of USA and said how to elect president |
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How to Elect President
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group of wise men = electors
Must have a majority of the electoral college need 270 out of 538- each state gets as many electors as they have reps in congress (senate and house of reps) |
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Gerry Mandering
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drawing oddly shaped districts to elect/help a person or party win.
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Congressional Districts
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State divided into continuous districts according to number of representatives. Must have about the same number of people and be connected.
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In the Voting booth....
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Vote for Electors, not the actual president.
ALL electors for that person go so you can get 100% of the electoral vote with barely 50% of the popular vote |
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Snafu: Faithless Elector
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One of the electors decides to vote for the other choice instead of what they said they would do. Doesn't change the election drastically.
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Snafu: No Majority of Electoral Votes
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3 candidates with Votes means unlikely anyone will get 270. Then the house of Reps picks the president out of the top 3 and the Senate picks the VP out of the top 2.
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Snafu: Winner of the Popular Vote Loses the Electoral Vote
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Because of the different number of electors in each, if a candidate wins a certain amount of states then he can have more popular votes than someone who wins the large states.
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Snafu: Smaller States' Population, have greater influence
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The people of Alaska, for example, have more direct influence than the people of California.
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Power Corrupts, Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely
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People writing the Constitution knew this statement and made a government with a system of checks and balances. 3 Groups
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Three Branches of Government
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Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
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Legislative Branch
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Pass Laws
US Congress-Senate and House of Reps With a second 2/3 vote, the Congress can override the Presidents veto of a bill. Check |
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Executive Branch
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-Execute and Enforce Laws
-Chief Executive = Pres. (can veto any law) Check -President also nominates the Supreme Court judges which then goes to Senate who approves/denies candidate. Check |
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Judicial Branch
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-Interpret the Law
-Punish the lawbreakers -Supreme Court- 9 Judges who serve for life or good behavior -Can null and void a law that passes both the president and Congress if it doesn't follow the rules of the Constitution. Check Supreme court judges can be impeached by House of Reps; Senate convicts and removes if they break a law |
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Chief Justice
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-Only one vote like everyone else.
-Nominated by president -Makes more money -Schedules meetings, hires administration, assigns who writes the case proposal |
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Opposition to Constitution
People Feared (5) |
-It would destroy sovereignty of states
-Standing Army, not militia. Overthrow? -Central Gov't may =Higher Taxes -Agriculture may become second to business/commerce -No bill of rights/ list of limits on government/ unaleinable rights |
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-Ex Post Facto laws
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prohibited (punishes someone for an act that wasn't illegal when they did it.)
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-Writ of Habeus Corpus
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can't be suspended (except in times of rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Must charge him witha reason or let him go within 24 hours. |
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Bill of Attainder
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Prohibited
a legislative act that punished someone without a trial. "Nick goes to jail for 25 years" No trial? Guaranteed Trial by Jury |
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Treason
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committing an overt act against the US Government with two witnesses. Hard to be convicted of.
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Bill of Rights
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first 10 amendments of the Constitution- combined into one
speech, religion, bear arms, assembly, press, no cruel/unusual punishment, unfair bail, etc. |
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New York almost didn't approve- won 27-30.
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Madison, Hamilton and Jay
wrote articles for Federalist Papers to convince people that the Constitution is a good thing. |
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The Federalist #10
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Proved that Rep. Democracy could exist over a large area and convinced enough New Yorkers to vote in favor of Constitution.
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