Chapter 9, Behavioral, Corey Theories And Practices In Counseling

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What is Behavior Therapy

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•Behaviortherapy•Focuseson directly observable behavior•Currentdeterminants of behavior•Learning experiences that promote change•Tailoring treatment strategies for each client•Includesrigorous assessment and evaluation•Behavioraltheories of learning suggest:•Learningis the result of associations formed by conditioning, reinforcement, andpunishment.•Behavioraltherapists can incorporate any technique in their treatment–Therapistsdo not have to restrict themselves to methods derived from the learning theory–Behavioraltechniques can be incorporated into other approaches

Front 2

Contributors

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•B.FSkinner–Fatherof Behavioral Approach•AlbertBandura–SocialLearning Theory •ArnoldLazarus–MultimodalTherapy

Front 3

Behavior Movement

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•Includes4 major areas of development –ClassicalConditioning –OperantConditioning–SocialCognitive Theory–CognitiveBehavior Therapy

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Classical Conditioning

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IvanPavlov Respondent conditioning Refersto what happens prior to learning that creates a response through pairing

Front 5

Operant Conditioning

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Developedby B.F Skinner vLearningin which behaviors are influenced by consequences that follow them. Responseswe make in everyday life are examples of operant behaviors. Ex)Reading, writing, driving a carvPositive&Negative Reinforcements determine if a behavior will repeat itself. –If one receives reinforcement for their behavior, chances are that behaviorwill reoccur–Ifa person doesn’t receive any sort of reinforcement = less likely chance thebehavior will reoccur

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Cognitive Behavior Therapy

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Emphasizescognitive processes and private events (such as client’s self-talk) asmediators of behavior change Operateson the assumption that what people believe influences how they act and feel 1970s–CBT replaced behavior therapy as the accepted designationvThe field began emphasizing the interaction among affective, behavioral, andcognitive dimensions

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Key Concepts: View of Human Nature

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BehaviorTherapy is based on the scientific view of human behavior Systematic& Structured approach Eachperson is the producer and the produce of his or her environment Increasesindividual freedom by developing procedures that give control to their clients Increasepeople’s skills = more options for responding

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Key Characteristics of Behavior Therapy

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1.Behavior therapy is based on principlesand procedures of the scientific method. *Inshort, Behavioral concepts & procedures are stated explicitly, testedempirically within a conceptual framework, & revised continually.2.Behavior is not limited to things that wecan observe; Behavior also includes cognition, images, beliefs, andemotions. 3.Behavior therapy deals with the client’scurrent problem & what is causing them, instead of looking at the clientspast for possible determinants. *Recognizesimportance of the person, their environment, and the interaction between thetwo to facilitate change. 4.Clients take an active role by usingspecific actions to work on theirproblems. *Clientsare expected to "do" something to change their problems instead ofjust talking about them.

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TherapeuticGoals

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BehavioralTherapy goals are important Goalsare aimed to increase ones personal choice and create new conditions forlearning Thecounselor helps their client define specific treatment goals outside of thetherapeutic process Stressesclients’ active role in deciding their treatment Therapistassist’s in forming goals that areeasily measured Goalshave to be clear, concrete, understood, and most importantly agreed on by boththe therapist and client Theprocess of determining therapeutic goals entails a negotiation between clientand counselor that results in a contract which guides the course of therapy.

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BehaviorTherapist’s Function and Role

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BehaviorTherapists are active and directive Functionas an consultant and problem solver Payattention to clues presented by their client & are willing to follow theirclinical hunches Usesome techniques common to other approaches *ex) summarizing, reflection, clarification, & open-ended questioning Role-modelingfor the client *Observing ones behavior" ABC Model Behavior(B) is influenced by particularevents that precede it, called antecedents (A), & by certainevents thatfollow it, called consequences (C).

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Relationship Between Therapist and Client

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Mostbehavioral therapists stress the importance of establishing a collaborativeworking relationship with their clients. Behavioraltherapists believe warmth, empathy, authenticity, permissiveness, andacceptance are necessary but not sufficient conditions for behavioral change tooccur. Theclient–therapist relationship is a foundation on which therapeutic strategiesare built to help clients change in the direction they wish.