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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Shoulder Complex |
Term used to include all of the structures involved with motion of the shoulder. |
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Shoulder Complex (contd) |
Scapula Clavicle Sternum Humerus Rib Cage Sternoclavicular Joint AcromioClavicular joint Glenohumeral joint Scapulothoracic articulation |
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Shoulder Girdle |
Term used to discuss activities of the Scapula and Clavicle (and to a lesser degree, the sternum) |
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Scapulathoracic Articulation |
Scapula & Thorax. (Not directly attached but are connected indirectly by clavicle and several muscles) |
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Shoulder Joint |
Also called Glenohumeral joint. Consists of Scapula and Humerus |
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Superior medial aspect providing attachment for the Levator Scapula Muscle |
Superior Angle |
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Most inferior point and where vertebral and axillary border meet. This point determines scapular rotation |
Inferior Angle |
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Between superior and inferior angles medially, and attachment of the rhomboid and serratus anterior muscles |
Vertebral Border |
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The lateral side between glenoid fossa and inferior angle |
Axillary Border |
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Projection on posterior surface running from medial border laterally to the acromium process. Provides attachment for the middle and lower trapezius muscles |
Spine |
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Projection on anterior surface, providing attachment for the pectorals minor muscle |
Coracoid Process |
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Broad, flat area on superior lateral aspect, providing attachment for the upper trapezius muscle |
Acromion Process |
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Slightly concave surface that articulates with humerus on superior lateral side above the axillary border and below acromion process |
Glenoid Fossa |
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Sternal end of clavicle |
attaches medially to sternum |
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Acromial end of clavicle |
attaches laterally to scapula and provides attachment for the upper trapezius muscle |
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Body of the clavicle |
area between the two ends |
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Manubrium of the Sternum |
Superior end of sternum providing attachment for the clavicle and first rib |
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Body of the Sternum |
The middle two-thirds of the sternum, providing attachment for the remaining ribs |
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Xiphoid Process |
The inferior tip of the sternum |
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Sternoclavicular Joint |
Provides the shoulder girdle with its only direct attachment to the trunk. It is a plane shaped synovial joint with double gliding motion. |
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Sternoclavicular Joint motions |
Elevation and Depression Protraction and Retraction Rotation |
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Ligaments of the Sternoclavicular Joint |
Interclavicular Ligament Costoclavicular Ligament Sternoclavicular Ligament |
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Sternoclavicular Ligament |
Connects the clavicle to the sternum |
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Costoclavicular Ligament |
Connects the clavicle's inferior surface to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the first rib |
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Interclavicular Ligament |
Located on top of the manubrium, connecting the superior sternal ends of the clavicles. |
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Acromioclavicular Joint |
Connects acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle |
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Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint |
Acromioclavicular ligaments Coracoacromial ligament Coracoclavicular ligament |
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Acromioclavicular Ligaments |
Support the joint by holding the acromion process to the clavicle, thus preventing dislocation of the clavicle |
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Coracoclavicular Ligament |
provides stability to the joint and allows scapula to be suspended. Connects scapula to the clavicle by attaching to the inferior surface of the clavicle's lateral end |
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Coracoacromial Ligament |
Forms a roof over the head of the humerus and serves as a protective arch, providing support to the head when an upward force is transmitted along the humerus. It attaches laterally on the superior surface of the coracoid process. |
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Linear Joint Motions |
Elevation/Depression Protraction/Retraction |
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Joint Angular Motions |
Upward Rotation/Downward Rotation |
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Upward Rotation |
Inferior angle of the scapula rotates up and away from vertebral column |
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Downward Rotation |
Return of the scapula to the resting anatomical position |
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Scapula Tilt (joint motion) |
Occurs when shoulder goes into hyperextension. Superior end of scapula tilts anteriorly, and inferior end tilts posteriorly. |
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Scapula Winging |
Posterior lateral movement of the vertebral border of the scapula in the transverse plane. (Vertebral border of the scapula moves away from the rib cage). (seen most often at scapulothoracic articulation).
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Scapulohumeral Rhythm |
Describes movement relationship between the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint. First 30 degrees of shoulder joint motion is pure shoulder movement After that, for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs, the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree (2:1) |
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Shoulder Joint: Shoulder Girdle movements |
Joint : Girdle (movement) Flexion : Upward Rotation/Protraction Extension : Downward Rotation/Retraction Hyperextension : Scapular Tilt Abduction: Upward Rotation Adduction : Downward Rotation Medial Rotation : Protraction Lateral Rotation : Retraction Horizontal abduction : Retraction Horizontal adduction : Retraction |
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Shoulder Girdle Muscles |
Trapezius Levator Scapula Rhomboids Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor |
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Upper Trapezius |
O: Occipital bone, nucahla ligament on upper cervical spinous processes I: Outer 3rd clavicle, acromion process A: Scapular elevation and upward rotation |
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Middle Trapezius |
O: Spinous processes of C7 through T3 I: Scapula Spine A: Scapula Retraction |
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Lower Trapezius |
O: Spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae I: Base of the scapular spine A: Scapular depression and upward rotation |
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Levator Scapular Muscle |
O: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae I: Vertebral border of scapula btw superior angle and spine A: Scapula elevation and downward rotation |
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Rhomboid Muscles
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O: Spinous processes of C7 - T5 I: Vertebral boder of scapula btw spine and inferior angle A: Scapular retraction, elevation and downward rotation |
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Serratus Anterior Muscle |
O: Lateral surface of the upper weight ribs I: Vertebral border of scapula, anterior surface A: Scapular protraction and upward rotation |
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Pectoralis Minor Muscle |
O: Anterior surface. 3rd through 5th ribs. I: Coracoid process of the scapula. A: Scapular depression, protractio, downward rotation, and tilt |
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Force couple |
Muscles pulling in different directions to accomplish the same motion. |
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Reversal of muscle action |
This is when the insertion of a muscle is stabilized, so that it is the origin that moves. |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle RETRACTION |
Middle Trapezius Rhomboids |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle PROTRACTION |
Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle ELEVATION |
Upper Trapezius Levator Scapula Rhomboids |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle DEPRESSION |
Lower Trapezius Pectoralis Minor |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle UPWARD ROTATION |
Upper trapezius Lower Trapezius Serratus Anterior |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle DOWNWARD ROTATION |
Rhomboids Levator Scapulae Pectoralis Minor |
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Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle SCAPULAR TILT |
Pectoralis Minor |
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Segmental Innervation TRAPEZIUS |
C3 C4 |
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Segmental Innervation LEVATOR SCAPULA |
C3 C4 C5 |
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Segmental Innervation RHOMBOIDS |
C5 |
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Segmental Innervation SERRATUS ANTERIOR |
C4 C5 C6 |
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Segmental Innervation PECTORALIS MINOR |
C7 C8 |