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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anticondon |
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
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Bacteriophage |
a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it. |
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Base-pairing rules |
constraints imposed by the molecular structure of DNA and RNA on the formation of hydrogen bonds among the four purine and pyrimidine bases such that adenine pairs with thymine or uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine. |
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Codon |
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule |
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Complementary base pair |
either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA: guanine is the complementary base of cytosine, and adenine is the complementary base of thymine in DNA and of uracil in RNA. Comparebase pair. |
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Deoxyribose |
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen. |
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DNA helicase |
enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. There are DNA and RNAhelicases. DNA helicases are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied. |
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DNA polymerase |
a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules. Nucleic acids are polymers, which are large molecules made up of smaller, repeating units that are chemically connected to one another. |
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DNA replication |
the process by which a double-stranded DNAmolecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell. |
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Double Helix |
a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule. |
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Messenger RNA |
the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome. |
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Nucleotide |
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
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Replication Fork |
the act or process of replicating, especially for experimental purposes. 7. Genetics. the process by which double-stranded DNA makes copies of itself, each strand, as it separates, synthesizing a complementary strand. Origin of replication Expand. |
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Ribonuleic Acid |
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information. |
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Ribosomal RNA |
In molecular biology, ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. It constitutes the predominant material within theribosome, which is approximately 60% rRNA and 40% protein by weight. |
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RNA polymerase |
RNA polymerase (or, more fully, ribonucleic acidpolymerase, abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), also known as DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. In cells, RNAP is necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. |
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Transaction |
the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA)—produced by transcription from DNA—is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. |
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Transfer RNA |
RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
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Transformation |
In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). |
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Translation |
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA)—produced by transcription from DNA—is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. |
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Vaccine |
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. |
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Virulent |
The degree or ability of a pathogenic organism to cause disease. |
