Chapter 82 Cancer Disorders Objectives

Front 1

(1) Describe the differences among carcinomas, sarcomas, mixed-tissue tumors

Back 1

Carcinomas are the largest group of cancers; 90% malignancies; solid tumors develop of epithelial tissues that line skin: hepatomas, carcinomas of the glands such as prostate, breast, adrenals.

Front 2

(2) List the four most common sites of cancer in men and wome in US

Back 2

Lung cancer is the leading cause in both men and woman. Breast cancer then colorectal cancer.
WOMEN: lung, breast, colon/rectum, ovary
MEN: lung, prostate, colon/rectum, pancreas
p. 1263 / chart

Front 3

(4) State at least six ways a client can assist with cancer prevention.

Back 3

(1) stop smoking
(2) diet
(3) sun exposure
(4) self-exam
(5) exercise
(6) education

Front 4

(5) Define the following tumor markers: enzymes, cancer antigens, oncofetal proteins, hormones, genes, and miscellaneous markers

Back 4

Enzymes: higher than normal enzyme levels can indicate specific tumors.

Cancer: type of protein that is asociated with a few types of cancerous tumors

Oncofetal Proteins: normally found in high levels in the fetus but nt normal in adult.

Hormones: elevated levels of some hormones are possibly indicative of begign and malignant tumors

Genes: some genes are linked to specific types of cancer.

Miscellaneous markers:

Front 5

(6) Identify at least five noninvasive diagnostic procedures used to detect cancer.

Back 5

Radiologic (x-ray)

Mammogram

computed tomography CT

Ultrasonography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI

Front 6

(7) State the four main modalities for cancer treatment

Back 6

SURGERY: Laser Surgery, Prophylactic Surgery, Palliative Surgery, Bone Marrow Transplant
CHEMOTHERAPHY


BIOTHERAPY

RADIATION THERAPY

Front 7

(8) Identify at least four nursing considerations related to each of the following surgical techniques: incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy, cryosurgery, electrocauterization, fulguration, en bloc resection, exenteration, laser surgery, PDT, prophylactic, palliative surgery, BMT

Back 7

x

Front 8

(9) Stare the five main categories of chemotherapeutic agents.

Back 8

alkylating agents, antibiotics, antimetabolites, antimitotics, hormonal agents.

Front 9

(10) Compare and contrast the following biotherapy techniques: MOAB, IFN, CSF, IL and retiniods. State at least two nursing considerations related to each technique

Back 9

MOAB



IFN

CSG

IL

RETINIODS

Nursing Considerations:

Front 10

(11) Differentiate external radiation therapy from brachytherapy, including at least three nursing considerations related to each procedure.

Back 10

radiation therapy is used in many types of cancer and may be used primary therapy or with other treatments. Used to diagnosis tumor sites.

Brachytherapy


Nursing Considerations:

Front 11

(12) Identify at least four concerns related to the safe administration of chemotherapeutic medications and at least three safety considerations related to exposure to radiation.

Back 11

x

Front 12

(13) Discuss at least three nursing consideration related to the following common side effects of cancer therpay: nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, fatigue, alopecia, secondary infections, pain, stress, and hormone therapy

Back 12

x

Front 13

(14) Identify dietary modifications for the client with cancer.

Back 13

x

Front 14

(15) Identify common medications for the client with cancer.

Back 14

Antimetabolites:
Fluorouracil (Adrucil)

Antimitotics:
Velban, Velsar-

Alkylating Agents:
Paraplatin

DTIC

Lfex

TESPA

Front 15

(16) Discuss general client and family teaching for clients with cancer, include ages across the lifespan.

Back 15

x