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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Name the six regions of the brain.
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1. cerebrum; 2. diencephalon; 3. midbrain; 4. pons; 5. medulla oblongata; 6. cerebellum
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functions of the cerebrum
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conscious thoughts;
intellectual functions memory complex movements |
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Structure of the cerebrum
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divided into left and right hemispheres by longitudinal fissure.
Lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
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what is the dividing line of the cerebrum called
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longitudinal fissure
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name the lobes of the cerebrum
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frontal
parietal temporal occipital |
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outer part of the cerebrum
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gray matter called the cerebral cortex.
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function of cerebral cortex
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receives sensory information and sends motor commands
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what is beneath the cerebral cortex
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white matter that includes the corpus callosum
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corpus collosum
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connects and holds the two cerebral hemispheres together
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basal nuclei
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within the central white matter are defined regions of gray matter
learning and memory unconscious control of movement |
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what forms the walls of the third ventricle (diencephalon)?
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epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
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roof of the third ventricle (diencephalon)
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Epithalamus (pineal gland??)
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Anterior part of the roof of the third ventricle
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choroid plexus. cerebrial spinal fluid
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Where is the pineal gland located?
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posterior part of the roof of the third ventricle.
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secretion of pineal gland
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hormone melatonin
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regulated by melatonin
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biological clock (day-night cycle)
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form of thalamus
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conisists of left and right separated by third ventricle
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**function of thalamus
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processes sensory information, filtering most of info, allowing a small amount to reach the cerebral cortex |
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hypothalamus location
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lies inferior to the third ventricle
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function of hypothalamus
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regulates body temp;
controls skeletal muscle contrations associated with pleasure, anger, and pain; contrlols autonomic nervous system |
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midbrain
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consists of sensory and motor neurons
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function of midbrain
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processes visual and auditory sensory information
colliculi |
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collliculi
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sensory nuclei
inferior- controls reflexes in response to auditory superior- controls reflexes in response to visual |
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cerebrospinal fluid functions
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transports nutrients, waste products, and chemical messengers
surrounds exposed surfaces of the CNS and cushions (supports) the CNS |
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choroids plexus
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network of capillaries found in all four ventricles and ependymal cells (glial cells)???
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peripheral nervous system
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links CNS to the body
carries sensory and motor commands cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia |
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location and makeup of cranial nerves
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originates in the base of brain; made up of sensory and motor axons (??how does this differ from spinal??)
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function of cranial nerves
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provides sensory and motor neuons to and from the head, neck, and viscera of the throacis and abdomninopelvic cavities
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N I, NII, NIII
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Olefactory nerves, Optic Nerves, Oculomotor Nerves
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N IV, N V
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Trochlear nerves
Trigeminal nerves (both sensory and motor) |
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N VI
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Abducens nerves
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N VII
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Facial Nerves
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N VIII
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Vestibulocochlear nerves
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cerebrospinal fluid functions
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transports nutrients, waste products, and chemical messengers
surrounds exposed surfaces of the CNS and cushions (supports) the CNS |
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choroids plexus
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network of capillaries found in all four ventricles and ependymal cells (glial cells)???
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peripheral nervous system
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links CNS to the body
carries sensory and motor commands cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia |
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location and makeup of cranial nerves
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originates in the base of brain; made up of sensory and motor axons (??how does this differ from spinal??)
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function of cranial nerves
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provides sensory and motor neuons to and from the head, neck, and viscera of the throacis and abdomninopelvic cavities
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N I, NII, NIII
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Olefactory nerves, Optic Nerves, Oculomotor Nerves
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N IV, N V
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Trochlear nerves
Trigeminal nerves (both sensory and motor) |
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N VI
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Abducens nerves
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N VII
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Facial Nerves
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N VIII
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Vestibulocochlear nerves
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N IX
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Glossopharyngeal nerves
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Cranial Nerves |
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N X
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Vagus nerves
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cranial nerves |
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N XI
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Accessory Nerves
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Cranial Nerves |
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N XII
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Hypoglossal Nerves
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Cranial Nerves |
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Spinal Nerves
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mixed nerves
named according to vertebrae pass through intervertebral forament |
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C1 to C8
T1 to T12 L1 to L5 S1 to S5 last |
7 cervical spinal nerves
12 thoraxic nerves 5 lumbar 5 Sacrum coccygeal nerves |
Spinal Nerves PNS |
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nerve plexus
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different sets of spinal nerves that are combines and serve certain areas of the body.
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spinal nerve PNS |
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Central Nervous System
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Brain and Spinal Cord
glial cells providing support and structure, meninges |
CNS |
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Meninges
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series of membrane layers to cover and protect the CNS
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CNS |
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Three meningeal layers
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Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater |
CNS |
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function of Meninges
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provide physical stability and cushion shock for the CNS
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structure of Menines
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innervated by blood vessels which bring nturients and oxygen
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nerve plexuses
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different sets of spinal nerves
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PNS spinal nerves |
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four plexuses
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cervical plexus
brachial plexus lumbar plexus sacral plexus |
PNS spinal nerves |
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cervical plexus
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spinal nerves that innervate the neck and diaphram
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PNS Spinal Nerves |
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brachial plexus
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spinal nerves that innervate the shoulders and upper limbs
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PNS Spinal Nerves |
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Lumbar plexus
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spinal nerves innervate the lower limbs
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PNS spinal nerves |
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Sacral Plexus
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spinal nerves innervate the lower limbs
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PNS Spinal Nerves |
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Gangila
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neuron cell bodies
in the ANS autonomic ganglia axons innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
PNS
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Autonomic Nervous System
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sympathetic division
parasympathetic division |
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Sympathetic ganglia
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chain-regulates effectors in the body wall and within the thoracic cavitiy
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sympathetic Ganglia PNS |
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Collateral glanglia
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regulates tissue and organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
smooth muscle |
sympathetic Ganglia PNS |
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Parasympathetic ganglia
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located near peripheral organs
associated with cdranial nerves N III, N VII, N IX, and N X |
PNS parasympatheticGanglia |
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two types of parasympathetic ganglia
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Terminal Glanglia
Intramural ganglia |
PNS parasympathetic Ganglia |
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Two types of sympathetic ganglia
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symp. chain
collateral |
PNS sympathetic Ganglia |
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terminal ganglia
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located near peripheral organs
associated with cdranial nerves N III, N VII, N IX, and N X |
PNS parasympathetic Ganglia |
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Intramural ganglia
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located in walls of organs
associated with carnial N X and pelvic nerves |
PNS parasympathetic Ganglia |