Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders & Diseases

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ALBINISIM

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Congenital hypo pigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair and eyes.

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ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

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Abbreviated ACD; an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical.

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ANAEROBIC

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Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

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ANHIDROSIS

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Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases.

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BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

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Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

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BROMHIDROSIS

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Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, that is caused by bacteria.

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BULLA (BULLAE)

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Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger

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CHLOASMA

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Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyper pigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

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CLOSED COMEDO

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Also known as whitehead; hair follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment; sebum remains a white or cream color and comedone appears as small bump just under the skin surface.

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CONJUNCTIVITIS

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Also known as pinkeye; common bacterial infection of the eyes; extremely contagious

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CONTACT DERMATITIS

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An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are used in cosmetology.

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CRUST

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Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.

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CYST

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Closed, abnormally developed sac that contains fluid, pus, semifluid, or morbid matter above or below the skin.

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DERMATITIS

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Inflammatory condition of the skin.

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DYSCHROMIAS

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Abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany many skin disorders and systemic disorders.

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ECZEMA

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An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin, characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling and sometimes severe itching.

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EXCORIATION

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Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

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EXTRINSIC FACTORS

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Primary environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.

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FISSURE

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A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Examples are severely cracked and/pr chapped hands or lips.

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FREE RADICALS

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Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.

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HERPES SIMPLEX

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Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sores.

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HYPERHIDROSIS

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Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.

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HYPERPIGMENATION

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Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches.

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HYPERTROPHY

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Abnormal growth of the skin.

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HYPOPIGMENTATION

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Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

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IMPETIGO

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Contagious bacterial infection characterized by weeping lesions.

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INTRINSIC FACTORS

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Skin-aging factors over which we have little control.

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IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

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Abbreviated ICD: occurs when irritating substances temporarily change the epidermis.

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KELOID

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Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.

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KERATOMA

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Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

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LENTIGINES (LENTIGO)

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Technical term for freckles; small yellow-colored to brown-colored spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air.

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LESION

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Mark on the skin; may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

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LEUKODERMA

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Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches (hypopigmenation); caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells.

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MACULE (MACULAE)

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Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple has healed.

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MALIGNANT MELANOMA

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Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in textures, jagged, or raised.

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MILLIA

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Benign, keratin filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.

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MILLIARIA RUBRA

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Also known as prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.

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MOLE

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Small, brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.

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NEVUS

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Also known as birthmark; small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

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NODULE

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A solid bump larger than .4 inches that can be easily felt.

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NONCOMEDOGENIC

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Product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.

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PRIMARY LESIONS

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Lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin, and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.

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PSORIASIS

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Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales; usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back .

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RETENTION HYPERKERATOSIS

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The hereditary tendency for acne-prone

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ROSACEA

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Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose, and is characterized by flushing (redness), telagiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustles.

Front 46

SCALE

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Any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.

Front 47

SCAR

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Also known as cicatrix; a lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.

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SEBACEOUS CYST

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A large protruding pocket like lesion filled with sebum. Sebaceous cysts are frequently on the scalp and back. They should be removed surgically by a dermatologist.

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SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

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Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebecauous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting or itchiness.

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SECONDARY SKIN LESIONS

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Characterized by piles of matter on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer.

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SENSITIZATION

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Allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.

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SKIN TAG

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A small brown colored or flesh colored outgrowth of the skin.

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SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

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Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.

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STAIN

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Abnormal brown or wine colored skin discoloration with a circular and or irregular shape.

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TAN

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Change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light.

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TELANGIECTASIS

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Distended or dilated surface blood vessels.

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TUBERCLE

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Abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule.

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TUMOR

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An abnormal mass varying in size, shape and color.

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ULCER

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Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth and possibly weeping fluids or pus.

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VERRUCA

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Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the paillae and epidermis.

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VESICLE

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Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.

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VITILIGO

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Hereditary condition that caused hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin; may be related to thyroid conditions.

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WHEAL

Back 63

Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow or scratch, the bite of an insect, uticaria (skin allergy), or the sting of a nettle. Examples include hives and mosquito bites.