Chapter 8 - Quick And Easy Medical Terminology

Front 1

Respiration

Back 1

combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cells and remove carbon dioxide

Front 2

respiratory system

Back 2

consists of a series of passages that bring outside air in contact with special structures that lie close to blood capillaries

Front 3

inspiration

Back 3

process of breathing in air

Front 4

expiration

Back 4

process of exhaling air out of the lungs

Front 5

inhalation

Back 5

another word for inspiration

Front 6

exhalation

Back 6

another word for expiration

Front 7

pulmonologist

Back 7

physician who specializes in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs

Front 8

diaphragm

Back 8

muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

Front 9

thoracic cavity

Back 9

chest cavity

Front 10

phrenic

Back 10

pertaining to the diaphragm (sometimes the mind)

Front 11

pleura

Back 11

membrane surrounding each lung

Front 12

pleural cavity

Back 12

the space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the lining of the thoracic cavity

Front 13

paranasal sinuses

Back 13

air-filled paired cavities in various bones around the nose

Front 14

alveol/o

Back 14

alveolus

Front 15

bronch/o, bronchi/o

Back 15

bronchus

Front 16

bronchiol/o

Back 16

bronchiole

Front 17

epiglott/o

Back 17

epiglottis

Front 18

laryng/o

Back 18

larynx

Front 19

lob/o

Back 19

lobe

Front 20

nas/o, rhin/o

Back 20

nose

Front 21

phren/o

Back 21

diaphragm

Front 22

pleur/o

Back 22

pleura

Front 23

pharyng/o

Back 23

pharynx (throat)

Front 24

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o

Back 24

lung (although pneum/o sometimes means air)

Front 25

trache/o

Back 25

trachea

Front 26

alveolar

Back 26

pertaining to the alveoli

Front 27

bronchial

Back 27

pertaining to the bronchi

Front 28

laryngeal

Back 28

pertaining to the larynx

Front 29

nasal

Back 29

pertaining to the nose

Front 30

nasopharyngeal

Back 30

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

Front 31

pharyngeal

Back 31

pertaining to the pharynx

Front 32

pneumatic

Back 32

pertaining to respiration or air

Front 33

pneumocardial

Back 33

pertaining to the lungs and heart

Front 34

pulmonary, pulmonic

Back 34

pertaining to the lungs

Front 35

tracheal

Back 35

pertaining to the trachea

Front 36

oximetry

Back 36

noninvasive photo-diagnostic method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in the arteries

Front 37

oximeter

Back 37

instrument used in oximetry

Front 38

eupnea

Back 38

normal respiration

Front 39

dyspnea

Back 39

labored or difficult breathing

Front 40

apnea

Back 40

temporary absence of breathing

Front 41

orthopnea

Back 41

condition in which breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing

Front 42

bradypnea

Back 42

abnormally slow breathing (less than 12 bpm)

Front 43

tachypnea

Back 43

respiration that exceeds 20 breaths per minute

Front 44

hyperpnea

Back 44

increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal

Front 45

hyperventilation

Back 45

increased aeration of the lungs which reduces carbon dioxide levels in the body and can disrupt homeostasis

Front 46

spirometry

Back 46

measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs

Front 47

hypoxia, anoxia

Back 47

deficiency of oxygen

Front 48

nares

Back 48

nostrils

Front 49

nasal septum

Back 49

partition between the two nasal cavities is the nasal septum

Front 50

sinusitis

Back 50

inflammation of a sinus, especially of a paranasal sinus

Front 51

rhinitis

Back 51

inflammation of the nasal membrane

Front 52

rhinorrhea

Back 52

watery discharge from the nose

Front 53

pharynx

Back 53

throat

Front 54

nasopharyngeal

Back 54

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

Front 55

pharyngitis

Back 55

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 56

eustachian tube, auditory tube, otopharyngeal tube

Back 56

extends from the middle ear to the pharaynx

Front 57

laryngopharynx

Back 57

the area where the pharynx divides into the larynx and esophagus

Front 58

laryngitis

Back 58

inflammation of the larynx

Front 59

aphonia

Back 59

absence of voice

Front 60

dysphonia

Back 60

difficulty in speaking or a weak voice

Front 61

aphasia

Back 61

inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs

- caused by improper functioning of the brain

Front 62

aphasic

Back 62

affected by aphasia

Front 63

dysphasia

Back 63

speech impairment resulting from a brain lesion

Front 64

laryngalgia

Back 64

pain of the larynx

Front 65

glottis

Back 65

vocal apparatus of the larynx

- consists of the vocal cords and the openings between them

Front 66

laryngeal polyp

Back 66

small tumor-like growth on the vocal cords that can cause hoarseness

Front 67

epiglottis

Back 67

lidlike structure that covers the larynx during the act of swallowing

Front 68

trachea

Back 68

windpipe

Front 69

brochi

Back 69

divided from the trachea

- there are two of them

- one leads to one lung

Front 70

bronchitis

Back 70

inflammation of the mucous membrane of bronchi

Front 71

sputum

Back 71

material raised from inflamed mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can be expelled by coughing

Front 72

bronchoscopic

Back 72

pertaining to examination of the bronchi

Front 73

tracheobronchial

Back 73

pertaining to both the trachea and the bronchi

Front 74

bronchoscope

Back 74

instrument used in bronchoscopy

Front 75

bronchoscopy

Back 75

bronchoscopic examination using a bronchoscope

- endoscopic examination (procedures that allow visualization of organs and cavities of the body using an endoscope)

Front 76

laryngoscopy

Back 76

examination of the larynx

Front 77

bronchopulmonary

Back 77

pertaining to the bronchi and the lungs

Front 78

bronchioles

Back 78

little bronchi

- subdivisions of the bronchi

Front 79

alveoli (singular, alveolus)

Back 79

tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles

Front 80

pneumonia, pneumonitis

Back 80

inflammation of the lungs

Front 81

bronchopneumonia

Back 81

inflammation of the lungs and of the bronchi

Front 82

pulmonary edema

Back 82

effusion of fluid into the air spaces and tissue spaces of the lungs

Front 83

effusion

Back 83

escape

Front 84

edema

Back 84

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the tissue

Front 85

orthopneic

Back 85

breathing is difficult except when the patient is sitting erect or standing

Front 86

thorax

Back 86

chest

Front 87

pneumothorax

Back 87

refers to the air or gas in the chest cavity, specifically the pleural cavity

Front 88

hemothorax

Back 88

blood in the pleural cavity

Front 89

pneumohemothorax

Back 89

presence of air and blood in the pleural cavity

Front 90

embolus

Back 90

blocking of an artery by foreign material that has been brought to its site of blockage by the circulating blood

Front 91

thrombus

Back 91

an embolus that is a blood clot

Front 92

pulmonary embolism

Back 92

pulmonary artery is obstructed

Front 93

atel/o

Back 93

imperfect

Front 94

coni/o

Back 94

a relationship to dust

Front 95

embol/o

Back 95

embolus

Front 96

home/o

Back 96

sameness

Front 97

-ole

Back 97

little

Front 98

ox/o

Back 98

oxygen

Front 99

-pnea

Back 99

breathing

Front 100

silic/o

Back 100

silica

Front 101

spir/o

Back 101

to breathe (sometimes, spiral)

Front 102

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 102

disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia

Front 103

asthma

Back 103

paraoxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing

-brought about by spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane

Front 104

wheeze

Back 104

whistling sound made during respiration

Front 105

paraoxysmal

Back 105

occurring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms

Front 106

atelectasis

Back 106

incomplete expansion of a lung or a portion of it

- airlessness or collapse of a lung that had once been expanded

Front 107

bronchiectasis

Back 107

chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung

Front 108

bronchography

Back 108

radiography of the bronchi after injection of a radiopaque substance

Front 109

bronchogram

Back 109

record of the bronchi and lungs produced by bronchography

Front 110

carcinoma or the lung

Back 110

lung cancer

Front 111

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 111

process that decreases the lungs' ability to perform their ventilatory function

Front 112

brionchiolitis

Back 112

inflammation of the bronchioles

Front 113

emphysema

Back 113

chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty in breathing

Front 114

influenza

Back 114

acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever, and muscular discomfort

Front 115

nasal polyp

Back 115

abnormal protruding growth from the nasal mucosa

Front 116

pleuritis, pleurisy

Back 116

inflammation of the pleura

- characterized by sharp pain on inspiration

Front 117

pneumoconiosis

Back 117

respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles

Front 118

pulmonary embolism

Back 118

blockage of pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue, or a blood clot

Front 119

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Back 119

infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact with an infected person and caused by a coronavirus

Front 120

silicosis

Back 120

form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust of stone, sand, quartz, or flint that contains silica

Front 121

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Back 121

sudden, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant that occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsy evidence of disease

Front 122

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 122

infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis

- often chronic in nature and usually affects the lungs, although it can occur elsewhere in the body

Front 123

tubercles

Back 123

small round nodules that are produced in the lungs by bacteria

Front 124

asphyxiation

Back 124

requires immediate corrective measures to prevent loss of consciousness and if not corrected, death

Front 125

Heimlich maneuver

Back 125

method of dislodging food or other obstructions from the windpipe

Front 126

tracheostomy

Back 126

opening of the trachea

Front 127

tracheotomy

Back 127

incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlying the trachea

Front 128

ventilator

Back 128

machine that is used for prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs

Front 129

endotracheal intubation

Back 129

insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea

Front 130

nasotracheal intubation

Back 130

insertion of a tube into the trachea through the nose

Front 131

orotracheal intubation

Back 131

insertion of a tube into the trachea through the mouth

Front 132

decongestants

Back 132

eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion

Front 133

antitussives

Back 133

prevent or relieve coughing

Front 134

antihistamines

Back 134

used to treat colds and allergies

Front 135

bronchodilators

Back 135

agents that cause dilation of the bronchi, used in respiratory conditions such as asthma

Front 136

mucolytics

Back 136

destroy or dissolve mucus, help open the breathing passages

Front 137

transtracheal oxygen

Back 137

more efficient, long-term, and is sometimes preferred to the administration of oxygen through a mask or nasal cannula

Front 138

nasal cannula

Back 138

delivers oxygen by way of two small tubes that are inserted into the nostrils and is frequently used for long-term oxygen maintenance

Front 139

lung biopsy

Back 139

removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosis

Front 140

percutaneous biopsy

Back 140

tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin

Front 141

pneumocentesis

Back 141

surgical puncture of a lung to drain fluid that has accumulated

Front 142

pneumonectomy, pneumectomy

Back 142

surgical removal of all or part of a lung

Front 143

pulmonary lobectomy

Back 143

lobe of lung is removed

Front 144

rhinoplasty

Back 144

plastic surgery of the nose

Front 145

thoracocentesis, thoracentesis, thoracic paracentesis

Back 145

surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid