Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

Front 1

cytochrome b6-f complex

Back 1

a proton pump found in the thylakoid membrane. This complex uses energy from excited electrons to pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.

Front 2

C3 photosynthesis

Back 2

the main cycle of the dark reactions of photosynthesis, in which CO2 binds to ribulos 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP) to form two carbon phosphoglycerate (PGA) molecules

Front 3

C4 photosynthesis

Back 3

a process of CO2 fixation in photosynthesis by which the first product is the 4-carbon oxaloacetate molecule

Front 4

chloroplasts

Back 4

a cell-like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll (and usually other pigments) and carries out photosynthesis

Front 5

glucose

Back 5

a common six-carbon sugar (C6H12O6); the most common monosaccacharide in most organisms

Front 6

granum (pl. grana)

Back 6

a stacked column of flattened interconnected disks (thylakoids) that are part of the thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts

Front 7

hydrolysis reaction

Back 7

a reaction that breaks a bond by the addition of water. this is the reverse of dehydration, a reaction that joins molecules with the loss of water

Front 8

light-dependent reaction

Back 8

in photosynthesis, the reacitons in which light energy is captured and used in production of ATP and NADHP. In plants this involves the action of two linked photosystems

Front 9

light-independent reaction

Back 9

in photosynthesis, the reactions of the Calvin cycle in which ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to reduce CO2 and produce organic compounds such as glucose. This involves the process of carbon fixation, or the conversion of inorganic carbon (CO2) to organic carbon (ultimately carbohydrates)

Front 10

mesophyll

Back 10

the photosynthetic parenchyma of a leaf, located within the epidermis

Front 11

photosystem

Back 11

an organized complex of chlorophyll, other pigments, and proteins that traps light energy as excited electrons. Plants have two linked photosystems in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Photosystem II passes an excited electron through an electron transport chain to photosystem I to replace an excited electron passed to NADPH. The electron lost from photosystem II is replaced by the oxidation of water

Front 12

pyruvate

Back 12

a 3-carbon molecule that is the end product of glycolysis; each glucose molecule yields two pyruvate molecules.

Front 13

stoma (pl. stomata)

Back 13

in plants, a minute opening bordered by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems; water passes out of a plant mainly through the stomata.

Front 14

stroma

Back 14

in chloroplasts, the semiliquid substance that surrounds the thylakoid system and that contains the enzymes needed to assemble organic molecule from CO2