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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of lipids
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energy storage
biological membrane signaling |
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classes of lipids
(all biological lipids are amphipathic) |
FA
triacylglycerols glycerophospholipids sphingolipids waxes isoprene-based (w/ roids) |
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Fatty acids
CH3-CH2-COOH saturated all C-C bonds are single |
lauric acid (12)
myristic acid (14) palmitic acid (16) stearic acid (18) arachidic acid (20) |
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Fatty acids
unsaturated: one or more C=C double bonds |
oleic (bent)
linoleic (bent, alpha isnt) arachidonic (bent) cis surrounding C=C, kink increasing membrane fluidity |
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Fatty acids
structural consequences of unsaturation |
sat chains are rigid
unsat bend and pack less branches: tuberculosteric acid |
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Sat and trans-unsat increase LDL cholesterol
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and lower HDL levels
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Triacylglycerols
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energy source
main component of adipose backbone of glycerol formed from glyerol and FA |
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Glycerophopholipids = phosphatidic + X at the P function
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P group at C3 of diaglycerol
phosphatidylcholin, ethanolamine are most common signal transduction |
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Sphingolipids
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18-amino alcohol (sphingosine)
ceramides are amide linkages of FA to the N of sphingosine glycosphingolipids are ceramides with one of more sugars in beta-glycosidic linkage at the 1-OH group |
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Sphingolipids
(myelin, glyco, ganglio, blood) |
sphingmyelin:sheath insulating axons
glyco: markers, specificity ganglioside:impulse transmission (nerves) blood type: by oligosacc head |
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Spingolipids
(niemann-picks disease) |
defective myelinase that cleaves so myelin accumulates in brain, spleen, liver
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Steroids
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consists of three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered
cholesterol is most common hormones:salt balance, sexual function, metabolism |
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Steroid Hormones
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testosterone: OH, =O
estradiol: OH, OH progesterone: =O, CH3-C=O |
