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78 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Synarthroses
immovable joints
Ampiarthroses
Slightly movable joints
Diarthroses
freely movable joints
Fibrous joints
joined by fibrous connective tissue; are immovable (sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
Sutures
Fibrous joint; Rigid, interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers
Synostoses
In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse together
Syndesmoses
Bones connected by ligaments, movement varies from immovable to slightly moveable
Gomphosis
Peg - In - Socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
Periodontal ligament
short fibrous connection holding teeth in
Cartilaginous joint
Bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity and no movement
Synchondroses
A bar or plate of hylaine cartilage unites the bones, all are synarthrotic
Symphyses
a joint where fibrocartilage unites the bone
Synovial joint
All are diarthrotic; Include all limb joints, most joints of the body
Articular cartilage
In synovial joints; Glassy-smooth hyaline cartilage covers opposing bone surfaces ; spongy cushions that absorb compression
Joint cavity
In synovial joints, a potential space containing a small amount of synovial fluid
Articular capsule
Outer fibrous capsule of connective tissue in the synovial joint; external capsule encloses the rest of the joint
Fibrous capsule (layer)
Strengthens joint so that bones are not pulled apart; Outer layer of articular capsule
Synovial membrane
Inner layer of articular capsule; creates synovial fluid to reduce friction
Synovial fluid
Slippery, weight-bearing film that reduces friction between joints
Ligaments
Band of regular fibrous tissue that connects bone
Capsular (Intrinsic) ligaments
Reinforcing Ligament which are thickened parts of the fibrous layer
Extracapsular ligaments
Reinforcing Ligament that is outside the fibrous capsule
Intracapsular ligaments
Reinforcing ligament that is Deep to the fibrous capsule, covered by synovial membrane
Fatty pads
For cushioning between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone
Articular discs (menisci)
Fibrocartilage separates articular surface to improve "fit" of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear
Bursae
Flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial fluid; rolls in-between joints and lessens friction
Tendon sheath
Elongated Bursa that wraps completely around a tendon
Origin
Muscle attachment to the immovable bone
Insertion
Muscle attachment to the movable bone
Nonaxial movement
Range of motion that include slipping movements only
Unaxial movement
Range of motion movement in one plane
Biaxial movement
Range of motion movement in two planes
Multiaxial movement
Range of motion movements in or around all three planes
Gliding movements
One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface; moving hand in waving motion
Angular movements
Movements that occur along any plane
Flexion
decreases the angle of the joint; nodding head forward, lifting foot back (from straight to angled position) or arm forward, lean body forward
Extension
Increases the angle of the joint; moving head back up to look straight head, bringing foot back down to straighter position, standing up straight
Hyperextension
Excessive extension beyond normal range of motion; bend head back to look up, lean back, can hyper extend places like knees when broken
Abduction
Movement away from the midline; move arms out
Adduction
Movement toward the midline; bring arms in to sides
Circumduction
making "cone movement" where distal end of limb moves in a circle, while the point of cone (hip or shoulder joint) is more stationary
Rotation
The turning of a bone around its own long axis; rotate head side to side, or rotate limbs back and forth (palm up, palm down)
Supination
Turning hand backward; radius and ulna are parallel so palm faces up
Pronation
Turning hand forward; radius rotates over ulna so palm faces down
Dorsiflexion
Upward movement of foot; flex foot
Plantar flexion
Downward movement of foot; point toes
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot medially
Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot laterally
Protraction
Moving a body part anteriorly, i.e extending the jaw out
Retraction
Moving a body part posteriorly, i.e bringing the jaw in
Elevation
Lifting a body part superiorly; mouth is closed
Depression
Moving a body part inferiorly; mouth is open
Opposition
Movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers
Plane joints
Nonaxial joints, flat articular surface; bones glide over each other (wrist bones)
Hinge joints
Uniaxial joints. Motion along a single plane. Flexion and Extension Only. (humerus and ulna)
Pivot joints
Uniaxial joints. Rounded end of one bone conforms to a "sleeve," or ring of another bone; ulna and radius (radius fits in "sleeve" to rotate)
Condyloid joints
Biaxial joint. Both articular surfaces are oval. Permit all angular movements.
(between phalanges)
Saddle joint
Biaxial joints. Allow greater freedom of movement that condyloid joints. Between metacarpal and carpals
Ball-and-Socket joint
Multiaxial joints. The most freely moving synovial joints.; allows all rounded movement
Femoropatellar joint
Plane Joint, allows gliding motion during knee flexion
Tibiofemoral joint
Allows flexion, extension, and some rotation when knee if partly flexed
Patellar ligament
hold patella in place; ligament run from patella to the tibia below
Help prevent hyperextension of the knee
Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Prevent anterior-posterior displacement
Anterior cruciate ligament
-Attaches to anterior tibia
Posterior cruciate ligament
-Attaches to posterior tibia
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint
Glenoid labrun
Coracohymeral ligament
Glenohumeral ligament
Roader cuff
Elbow joint
Anular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Hip joint
Acetabular labrum
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Ligamentum teres
Jaw joint
Temporomandibular joint
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Lateral ligament
Sprain
The ligaments are stretched or torn, partial tears slowly repair themselves, complete ruptures require prompt surgical repair
Dislocation
Occur when bones are forced out of alignment, accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization. Caused by serious falls or playing sports
Bursitis
An inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction.
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse
Arthritis
Most widespread crippling disease in the U.S. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and swelling of a joint
Osteoarthritis
Common, irreversible, degenerative arthritis; long-term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic, Inflammatory, autoimmune disease of unknown cause; can cause slipping of joints (example in fingers)
Pannus
Inflammed synovial membrane thickens when one has RA, which erodes the cartilage
Gouty arthritis (Gout)
Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by inflammation
Lyme disease
Caused by bacteria transmitted by the bites of ticks