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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
conformity |
a change in ones behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people |
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Informational social influence |
relying on other people as a source of information to guide your behavior |
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Private acceptance |
Conforming to other peoples behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right |
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public compliance |
conforming to other peoples behavior publicly without necessarily believing in what the other people are doing or saying |
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social norms |
the implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors values and beliefs of its members |
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normative social influence |
going along with what other people do in order to be liked and accepted by them. we publicly conform with the groups beliefs and behaviors but do not always privately accept them |
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social impact theory |
the idea that conforming to social influence depends on the groups importance immediacy and the number of people in the group |
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idiosyncrasy credits |
the tolerance a person earns over time by conforming to group norms if enough credits are earned the person can on occasion deviate from the group without retribution |
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minority influence |
the case where a minority of group members influences the behavior or the beliefs of the majority |
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injunctive norms |
peoples perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved by others
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descriptive norms |
peoples perceptions of how people actually behave in given situations regardless of whether the behavior is approved or disapproved of by others |
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foot in the door technique |
social influence strategy in which getting people to agree first to a small request makes them more likely to agree later to a second larger request |
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door in the face technique |
social influence strategy in which first asking people for a large request that they will probably refuse makes them more likely to agree later to a second smaller request |
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propaganda |
a deliberate systematic attempt to advance a cause by manipulating mass attitudes and behaviors often through misleading or emotionally charged information |
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social contagion |
rapid spread of emotions or behaviors through a crowd (ex doing the wave at a baseball game) |
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why do we conform |
because they don't want to be punished or because they use others around them as a cue of how to respond or they choose to react the way the group expects so they aren't thought less of |
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when do we conform |
during confusing or unusual situations |
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social impact theory predicts that conformity will increase when.... |
as strength and immediacy increase |
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boomerang effect |
must be careful that descriptive norms do not create a boomerang effect making an undesirable behavior more likely then it previously was |
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group |
two or more people who interact and are independent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other |
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why do we join groups |
survival,need to belong, need to be distinctive(my group is specie), identity helps us define who we are and our place in the world |
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social roles |
shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave |
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group cohesiveness |
qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between them |
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social facilitation |
when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated the tendency to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks |
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social loafing |
when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated the tendency to perform worse on simple or unimportant tasks but better on complex or important tasks |
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deindividuation |
the loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified such as when they are in a crowd |
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process loss |
any aspect of a group interaction that inhibits good problem solving |
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transactive memory |
the combined memory of a group that is more efficient than the memory of the individual members |
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group think |
a kind of decision process in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner |
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group polarization |
the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members |
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great person theory |
the idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader regardless of the situation |
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transactional leaders |
leaders who set clear, short term goals and reward people who meet them |
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transformational leaders |
leaders who inspire followers to focus on common long term goals |
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contingency theory of leadership |
the idea that the effectiveness of a leader depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is and on the amount of control the has over the group |
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task oriented leaders |
leaders who are concerned more with getting the job done than with workers feelings and relationships |
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relationship oriented leaders |
leaders who are concerned more with workers feelings and relationships |
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social delimma |
a conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will if chosen by most people have harmful effects on everyone |
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tit for tat strategy |
a means of encouraging cooperation by at first acting cooperatively but then always responding the way your opponent did |
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integrative solution |
a solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade offs on issues with each side conceding the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side |
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propinquity effect |
the finding that the more we see and interact with people the more likely they are to become our friends |
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mere exposure effect |
the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus the more apt we are to like it |
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halo effect |
a cognitive bias by which we tend to assume that an individual with one positive characteristic also possesses other positive characteristics |
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evolutionary psychology |
the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genetic factors that have evolved over times according to the principles of natural selection |
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compassionate love |
the feelings of intimacy and affection we have for someone that are not accompanied by passion or physiological arousal |
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passionate love |
an intense longing we feel for a person accompanied by physiological arousal |
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attachment styles |
the expectations people develop about relationships with others based on the relationship they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants |
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secure attachment style |
an attachment style characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned and the view that one is worthy and well liked |
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avoid ant attachment style |
an attachment style characterized by difficulty developing intimate relationships because previous attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed |
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Anxious/ ambivalent attachment style |
an attachment style characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate ones desire for intimacy resulting in higher than average levels of anxiety |
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social exchange theory |
the idea that peoples feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of its rewards and costs the kind of relationship they deserve and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else |
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comparison level |
peoples expectations about the level of rewards and costs they are likely to receive in a particular relationship |
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comparison level for alternatives |
peoples expectations about the level of rewards and costs they would receive in an alternative relationship |
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investment model |
the theory that peoples commitment to a relationship depends not only on their satisfaction with the relationship but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that would be lost by ending it |
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equity theory |
the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal |
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exchange relationships |
relationships governed by the need for equity,, for an equal ratio of rewards and costs. |
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communal relationships |
relationships in which peoples primary concern is being responsive to the other persons needs |