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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The axial skeleton is composed of _______ bones segregated into three regions _______, ________, and _________
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- Eighty Bones
-Skull, Vertebral Column, and Bony Thorax |
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What is the bodys most complex bony structure. What is it formed by
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-Skull
-Cranium and Facial Bones |
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What bones supply the framework of the face, the sense organs and teeth
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Facial Bones
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What are the eight cranial bones
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Two parietal, Two temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid
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Cranial bones are _______ and remarkably _______ for their weight
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Thing, Strong
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Frontal bones from the _______ _________ of the _________
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Anterior portion of the cranium
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What are the three major markings on the frontal bone
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Supraorbital margins, anterior cranial fossa, and the frontal sinuses
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What bones from most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
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Parietal Bone
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Coronal suture
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Articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly
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Sagittal suture
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Where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
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Which bone forms most of skulls posterior wall and base
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Occipital Bone
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What are the four major markings on the Occipital bone
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-Posterior cranial fossa, Foramen magnum, occipital condyles and hypoglossal canal
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Which bones form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor
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Temporal Bones
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What are the four major regions of the temporal bones
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-Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous
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What are the five major markings of the temporal bones
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-Zygomatic, styloid, mastoid processes, mandibular, and middle cranial fossae
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What are the five major openings of the temporal bones
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-Stylomastoid, jugular foramina, external and internal meatuses, and carotid canal
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Which bone is butterfly-shaped that shapns the width of the middle cranial fossa
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Sphenoid Bone
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What are the four things the sphenoid bone consists of
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Central body, greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid processes
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What are the three major markings of the sphenoid bone
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-Sella turcia, hypophyseal fossa, and the pterygoid process
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What are the four major openings of the sphenoid bone
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-Foramina rotundum, ovale, spinosum, optic canal, superior orbital fissure
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Which bone is the most deep of the skull bone; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bone
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Ethmoid Bone
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Which bone forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits
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Ethmoid Bone
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What are the five major markings on the ethmoid bone
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Cribriform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate, nasal conchae, and the ethmoid sinuses
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The face consist of _______ bones of which only the _____ and _______ are unpaired
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Fourteen, Mandible, and Vomer
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Name the six unpaired bones
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-Maxillae, Zygomatic,Nasal, lacrimals, palatines and inferior conchae
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Name the bones that are medially fused, make up the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton
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Maxillary Bones
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Name the major markings of the maxillary bones
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Palatine, frontal, zygomatic processes, alevolar margins, inferior fissure and the maxillary sinuses
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These bones are irregularly shaped, that form the prominences of the cheeks and the inderolateral margins of the orbits
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Zygomatic Bones
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These bones are thin mideally fused bones that from the bridge of the nose
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Nasal Bones
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These bones contribute to the mdeial walls of the orbit and contain a deep grove called the lacrimal fossa that houses the lacrimal sac
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Lacrimal Bones
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These are two bone plates that form portions of the hard palate, the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity, and a samll part of the orbits
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Palatine Bones
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These bones are plow shaped bones that forms the part of the nasal septum
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Vomer
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These bones are paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
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Inferior nasal conchae
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Name the bone cavities in which the eyes are firmly encased and cushioned by fatty tissue
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Orbits
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Name the seven bones that form the orbits
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-Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic,macilla,palatine, lacrimal and ethmoid
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The nasal cavity is constructed of ______ and ______ _______
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Bone and hyaline cartilage
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what is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by
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Formed by the cribriform plate of the ethmod
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what is the lateral walls of the nasal cavity formed by
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the superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid, the perpendicular plate of the palatine and the inferior nasa conchae
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What is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by
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the palatine process of the maxillae and palatine bone
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What is the paranasal sinuses
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mucosa lined, air filled found holes
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What are the five skull bones where the paranasal sinuses are found
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Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and paired maxillary bones
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Describe the workings of the paranasal sinuses
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Air enters the sinuses from the nasal cavity and mucus drains into the nasal cavity from the sinuses
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Where is the hyoid bone located
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lies just inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck
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what is the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone
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Hyoid bone
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the hyoid bone is the attachment point for _______ muscles that _____ and ______ the larynix during swallowing and speech
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neck, raise and lower
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How many bones form the vertebral column
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26 irregular bones
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How many bones form the cervical vertebrae and where is it located
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7 bones, and the neck
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How many bones form the Thoracic vertebrae and where is it located
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12 bones, and the torso
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How many bones form the Lumbar Vertebrae and where is it loacted
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5 bones, and the lower back
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What is the name of the bone that is inferior to the lumbar vertebrae that articulates with the hip bones
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Sacrum
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What bones of the vertebrae cause posteriorly concave curvatures
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Cervical and lumbar
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What bones of the vertebrae cause posteriorly convex curvatures
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Thoracic and sacral
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Name the three abnormal spine curvatures and their unoffical name
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-Scoliosis (Abnormal Lateral Curve)
-Kyphosis (Hunchback) -Lordosis (Swayback) |
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Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
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Continuous bands down the front and back of the spine from the neck to the sacrum
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These are cushionlike pads composed of two parts
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Intervertebral discs
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Nucleus pulposus
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Inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility
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annulus fibrosus
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Aussorunds the nucleus puplous with collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage
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What is the body or centrum in the vertebrae
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Disc-shaped, weight-bearing region
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What is the vertebral arch
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Composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with the centrum, enclose the vertebral foramen
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What is the vertebral foramina
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Makes up the vertebral canal through which the spinal cord passes
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Superior and inferior articular processes
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protude superiorly and inferiorly from the pedicle-lamina junctions
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Intervertebral foramina
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lateral openings formed from notched areas on the superior and inferior borders of adjacent pedicles
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What are the lightest and smallest vertebrae and how many are there
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The cervical and 7
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What does each transverse process contain
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transverse foramen
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What is the C1 vertebrae and name the unique characteristic of it
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The Atlas, has no body or spinous process
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What is the C2 vertebrae called and name its characteristic
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The axis, has a body, spine and vertebral atches
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What vertebral set has major markings including two facest and two demifacets, transverse process and a long spinous process
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Thoracic Vertebrae
(T1-T12) |
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What vertebral set is located in the small of the back and have enchanced weight bearing functions
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Lumbar Vertebrae
(L1-L5) |
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What vertebral set consists of five fused vertebrae, which shape the posterior wall of the pelvis
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Sacrum
(S1-S5) |
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What vertebral set is made up of 4 to 5 fused vertebrae that articulate with the sacrum
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Coccyx (Tailbone)
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The thoracic cage is composed of the _____ vertebrae dorsally, the ______ laterally and the ______ and ______ cartilages anteriorly
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Thoracic, Ribs, Sternum and Costal
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What is the dagger-shaped flat bones that lies in the anterior midline of the thorax
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Sternum (Breastbone)
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What three bones are fused together in the sternum
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-Superior manubrium
-Body -Inferior Xiphoid |
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How many pairs of ribs from the flaring sides of the thoracic cage
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12
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The ribs are attached directly to the sternum via costal cartilages
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7 true/vertebrosternal ribs
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These ribs attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage
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Ribs 8-10 False/Vertebrocondral ribs
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These ribs have no anterior attachment
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Ribs 11-12 Floating/Vertebral ribs
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This type of rib is bowed, flatbone consisting of a head,neck,tubercle and shaft
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True Rib
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What is the appendicular skeleton made up of
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The bones of the limbs and their girdles
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The pectoral girdles consis of the _____ _______ and the ______ ________
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Anterior clavicles and posterior scapulae
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The pectoral girdles attach the upper _____ to the _____ skeleton in the manner that allows for maximum movement
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limbs, axial
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These bones are slinder, doubly curved lying across the superior thoraz
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Clavicles
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The clavicles provide attachment points for numerous ______, and act as braces to hold the _______ and _____ out laterally away from the body
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-Muscles, scapulae, arms
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This bone is triangular, flat bones lying on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between the ______ and ______ ribs
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Scapulae, Second and Seventh
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The upper limb consist of the ________, _______ and ______
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-Arm(Brachium)
-Forearm (antebrachium) -Hand (Manus) |
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What is the only bones of the upper arm
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humerus
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Name the two bones of the forearm
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-Radius and Ulna
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The forearm articulates proximally with the ______ and distally with the _____ bones
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Humerous, Wrist
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What membrane connects the forearm and ulna
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Interosseous
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This bone lies medially in the forearm and its slightly longer then the radius
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Ulna
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What bone forms the major portion of the elbow joint with the humerus
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Ulna
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This bone lies opposite to the ulna and is think at it proximal end
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Radius
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The skeleton of the hand contains these three bones
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-Wrist Bones (Carpals)
-Palm (Metacarpals) -Fingers (Phalanges) |
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Name the four proximal bones of the carpus
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-Scaphoid
-Lunate -Triquetral -Pisiform |
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Name the four distal bones of the carpus
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-Trapezium
-Trapezoid -Capiate -Humate |
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These five bones radiate from the wrist to form the palm
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Metacarpus
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Each hand contains these 14 miniature long bones
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Philanges
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Each finger contains three phalanges called
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-Distal
-Middle -Proximal |
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This bone attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton with the strongest ligaments of the body
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Pelvis
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This is the large flaring bone that forms the superior region of the coxal bone
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Ilium
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The ilium consists of a body and a superior wing like portion called the ____
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ala
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This bones form the posteroinferor part of the hip bone
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Ischium
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This bones forms the anterior portion of the hip bone
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Pubis
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Name the three characteristics that define a female pelvis
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-Tilted Forward
-True pelvis defines birth canal -Cavity of true pelvis is broad, shallow and greater capactiy |
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Name the three characteristics that define a male pelvis
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-Tilted less forward
-Adapted to support heavier male build -True pelvis is narrow and deep |
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Name the three segments of the lower limb
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-Thigh
-Leg -Foot |
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This bone is the sole bone of the thigh, also the largest and strongest bone in the body
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Femur
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Name the two bones that form the skeleton of the leg
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Tibia, Fibula
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Name the membrane that connects the tibia and fibula
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Interosseous Membrane
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What bone in the lower body recieves the weight from the femur and transmits it to the foot
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Tibia
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This bone is sticklike with slightly expanded ends located laterally to the tibia
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Fibula
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Name the three main parts of the skeleton of the foot
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-Tarusu
-Metatarsus -Phalanges |
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This structure is composed of seven bones that form the posterior half of the foot
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Tarsus
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What two bones support most of the body weight on the foot
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-Talus and Calcaneus
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What bone forms the heel of the foot
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Calcaneus
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This stucture forms the five long bones that articulate with the proximal phalanges
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Metatarsals
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These are the 14 bones of the toes
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Phalanges
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Name the arch where cuboid is keystone of this arch
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Lateral Longitudinal
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Name the arch where talus is the keystone of this arch
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Medial Longitudinal
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Name the arc that runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other
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Transverse
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