Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era

Front 1

Zebulon Pike

Back 1

Zebulon Pike led expeditions into the valleys of the Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers. His western travels created an enduring impression among many Americans in the East that the land between the Missouri River and the Rockies was an uninhibitable, uncultivable desert.

Front 2

Burr Conpiracy

Back 2

Burr ran for presidency in 1804 but lost because Hamilton said that he cannot be trusted. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and shot him dead. He then fled to Louisiana and told the governer about his plans to take the lands of Mexico all the way to Oregon and create his own nation. Jefferson hears the rumors about his plans and orders the arrest of Burr.

Front 3

Essex Junto

Back 3

The Essex Junto was a group of the most extreme Federalists in Masachussetts who concluded that the only recourse for New England was to secede from the union and form a separate "Northern Confederacy".

Front 4

Chesapeake Leopard Incident

Back 4

When the American naval frigate Chesapeake refused to allow the British ship Leopard to search it, the Leopard opened fire. Barron, commander of the Chesapeake had to surrender and the Leopard took four of their men. When news of the incident reached the U.S., Monroe demanded for the British to renounce impressment. The British offered compensation for the killed and wounded in the incident and promised the return of three of the captured men, but refused to renounce impressment.

Front 5

The Embargo/"Peaceable Coercion"

Back 5

Jefferson presented the Embargo Act in an attempt to prevent future incidents that might bring the nation to the brink of war again. The Embargo was technically a blockade on the U.S. that was established by the U.S. Many Americans did not agree with the constitutionality of it and it brought the country into an economic depression. Jefferson finally decided to put an end to the problem with the "peaceable coercion".

Front 6

Thomas Jefferson

Back 6

-3rd president (1801-1809)
-Republican
-Called election of 1800 a revolution. Refering to transfer from Federalists to Republicans.
-Came in office as a strict constructionist. Actions resembled a loose constructionist.
-Imposed Embargo of 1807
- Orchestrated the Lousiana Purchase.

Front 7

Barbary Pirates

Back 7

-Pirates off the North African Coast.
-1801 Pasha of Tripoli declares war on U.S. after Jefferson ends tribute to Barbary nations.
- Jefferson responded by increasing the navy in the region.
-Ended in 1805 when U.S. pays ransom for captured sailors.

Front 8

Marbury v. Madison

Back 8

-1803 case stemming from Adams "midnight apointments" of Federalist judges.
-Secretary of state James Madison refused to deliver the appointments.
-Marbury sued Madison to gain his judicial appointment.
-Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional.
-Asserted the authority of Supreme Court in ruling constitutionality of national laws.

Front 9

Samuel Chase / Impeachment

Back 9

-Jefferson sought to end Federalist control of the Judiciary branch.
-Chase used his position to expose his Federalist views.
-Jefferson impeached Chase despite the lack of a crime by Chase.
-Chase found not guilty and impeachments did not become regular tools of politics.

Front 10

The Louisiana Purchase

Back 10

- Purchased in 1803 for $15 million.
-Doubled the size of the nation.
-Jefferson used a loose constructionist view by utilizing authority not outlined to him in the Constitution.
-Jefferson sought to expand the nation's potential farm land and maintain an agrarian society.

Front 11

Turnpike Era

Back 11

In 1792, a corporation constructed a toll road running the sixty miles from Philadelphia to Lancaster, with a hard-packed surface of crushed rock. Since the turnpikes had to produce profits for the companies that built them, constuction costs had to be low. These roads radiating from eastern cities ran comparatively short distances through dense areas. State gov't and the federal gov't eventually had to finance them.