Chapter 7 Test Review

Front 1

an earlier court decision that guides judges' decisions in later cases.

Back 1

precedent

Front 2

money or property an accused person gives a court to hold as a guarantee that he or she will appear for trial.

Back 2

bail

Front 3

lower federal courts that have original jurisdiction in most cases involving federal laws. 94 total. Original Jurisdiction.

Back 3

district court

Front 4

a court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agencies. who decides??

Back 4

Circuit court/ appellate court
Judges/justices decide

Front 5

members of a trial jury who judge evidence & determine the verdict in a court case.

Back 5

Jurors

Front 6

hears appeals from taxpayers who disagree with rulkings of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) concerning their payment of federal taxes.

Back 6

US Tax Court

Front 7

hears cases involving taxes on imports; located in New York City.

Back 7

Court of International Trade

Front 8

federal courts that review decisions appealed from district courts

Back 8

courts of appeals

Front 9

federal courts that administer justice to people living in US territories.

Back 9

territorial courts

Front 10

the right of a convicted person to ask a higher court to review his/her case

Back 10

appeal

Front 11

law based on the Constitution & Supreme Court decisions.

Back 11

Constitutional Law

Front 12

customary law that develops from judges' decisions and is followed in situations not covered by statutory law.

Back 12

Common Law

Front 13

laws made by gov't agencies

Back 13

Administrative Law

Front 14

laws passed by lawmaking bodies.

Back 14

Statutory Law

Front 15

established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review by which the court decides whether laws passed by Congress are Constitutional.

Back 15

Marbury vs. Madison

Front 16

the power of the US Supreme Court to determine if a law passed by Congress or a presidential action is in accord with the Constitution

Back 16

judicial review

Front 17

Chief Justice who established 3 basic principles of US law. Promoted idea of judicial review in Marbury vs. Madison for the 1st time in 1803.

Back 17

John Marshall

Front 18

A case in 1896 about segregation which challenged a Louisiana law that required African Americans to ride seperate railroad cars from whites. Decision: "Seperate bu equal"

Back 18

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Front 19

Another segregation case in 1954 whose decision was segregation in schools are not equal and it denied the students equal protection under law so all public schools in US should be desegrated.

Back 19

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

Front 20

Supreme Court declared that the police must inform arrested suspects of their rights before questioning them.

Back 20

Miranda vs. Arizona

Front 21

the authority of some courts to review decisions made by lower courts.

Back 21

appellate jurisdiction

Front 22

the authority of a court to be the first court to hold trials in certain kinds of cases.

Back 22

original jurisdiction

Front 23

the authority to interpret and administer the law; also the range of that authority.

Back 23

jurisdiction

Front 24

official court orders that require a person to appear in court.

Back 24

subpoena

Front 25

a group that hears evidence in a criminaal case and decides whether there is enough evidence to bring the accused person to trial.

Back 25

grand jury

Front 26

one that renders a verdict in a civil or criminal trial level court case. It is to be distinguished from a "grand jury", which hands down indictments prior to criminal trials. It consists of 12 persons and sometimes, in civil cases only, just 6.

Back 26

petit jury

Front 27

A civil or criminal trial in which a jury decides any disputed issues of fact. The number of jurors is usually 12 in a criminal trial; the number varies from state to state in a civil trial.

Back 27

Jury trial

Front 28

gave the SUpreme Court the power to oder the Secretary of State to give someone a promised appointment. Act was unconstitutional.

Back 28

The Judiciary Act of 1789

Front 29

a state of lawlessness and disorder usually resulting from a failure of gov't

Back 29

anarchy

Front 30

List the 4 Constitutional right to a fair trial:

Back 30

1. Right to have a lawyer
2. Right to be released on bail
3. Indictment by Grand Jury
4. Right to a jury trial

Front 31

List the 3 types of cases that would give the Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction:

Back 31

1. cases involving other countries
2. cases involving disputes between states
3. cases involving a state and federal gov't

Front 32

How can Supreme Court Justices be removed?

Back 32

by the impeachment process

Front 33

represent the federal gov't in a court of law and attempt to prove that a person or company committed a crime. they serve for a period of 4 years.there are 93 of them now.

Back 33

US attorney AKA federal prosecutor

Front 34

a trial of a person in the armed services accused of breaking a military law.

Back 34

court-martial

Front 35

an official of the district court who delivers subpoenas and keeps order in the court room/

Back 35

Marshal

Front 36

Officials who hear cases against accused persons and decide whether those cases should be brought before a grand jury.

Back 36

Magistrate judges