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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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1600’s
First to use a microscope to study nature Saw microorganisms pond water |
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Robert Hooke
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Mid 1600’s
First to look at a plant (cork) under a microscope First to see and name “cells” |
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The Cell Theory
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All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure & function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells |
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Cell Membrane
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thin, flexible barrier around the cell
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Cell Wall
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strong layer some cells have around their cell membrane
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Nucleus
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a large structure some cells have that contain gentic material & control celluer activites
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Cytoplasm
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everything inside the cell except for the nucleus
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Prokaryotic Cells
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Small and simple
Have cell membrane & cytoplasm No nucleus or organelles Most bacteria are prokaryotic |
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Eukaryotic Cells
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Larger & more complex
Have cell membrane & cytoplasm Have a nucleus & organelles Animals & plants are eukaryotic |
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Cell Membrane
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Lets things in & out of the cell
Provides protection & support Made of a Lipid Bilayer: a double-layer sheet made with fats Contains lots of proteins, too |
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Diffusion
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Molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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Equilibrium
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everything has evened out
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Hypertonic
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solution w/ a high concentration of something
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Hypotonic
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solution w/ a low concentration of something
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Isotonic
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equalized solution
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Osmotic Pressure
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Pressure exerted on the hypertonic side of a membrane
Can cause a cell to burst if the inside of the cell is hypertonic Cell walls on plant & bacteria cells help prevent bursting Some unicellular organisms have a contractile vacuole that pumps water out Animal cells are usually isotonic w/ their surroundings |
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Some molecules can only cross the cell membrane with the help of proteins.
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Endocytosis
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cell membrane surrounds something & brings it into the cell in a little pocket
Sometimes known as Phagocytosis |
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Exocytosis
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Things in vacuoles are spit out of the cell membrane
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Cell Membrane
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Lets things in & out of the cell
Provides protection & support Made of a Lipid Bilayer: a double-layer sheet made with fats Contains lots of proteins, too |
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Diffusion
|
Molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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Equilibrium
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everything has evened out
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Hypertonic
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solution w/ a high concentration of something
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Hypotonic
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solution w/ a low concentration of something
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Isotonic
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equalized solution
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Osmotic Pressure
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Pressure exerted on the hypertonic side of a membrane
Can cause a cell to burst if the inside of the cell is hypertonic Cell walls on plant & bacteria cells help prevent bursting Some unicellular organisms have a contractile vacuole that pumps water out Animal cells are usually isotonic w/ their surroundings |
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Some molecules can only cross the cell membrane with the help of proteins.
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Endocytosis
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cell membrane surrounds something & brings it into the cell in a little pocket
Sometimes known as Phagocytosis |
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Exocytosis
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Things in vacuoles are spit out of the cell membrane
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