Chapter 7 Male Reproductive System

Front 1

testis, or testicle

(pl. testes, or testicles)

Back 1

primary male sex organs, paired, oval-shaped & enclosed in a sac called the scrotum.

-the testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) & the hormone testosterone

Front 2

sperm

(spermatozoon, pl. spermatozoa)

Back 2

the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united w/ the ovum, produced a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo

Front 3

testosterone

Back 3

the principle male sex hormone.

function: to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs & secondary sex characteristics (facial hair)

Front 4

seminiferous tubules

Back 4

approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs

Front 5

epididymis

Back 5

coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa; continuous w/ the vas deferens

Front 6

vas deferens,

ductus deferens,

or seminal duct

Back 6

duct carrying the sperm from the epididymus to the urethra.

-The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferns w/ nerves, lymphatics, arteries, & veins. The urethra also connects w/ the urinary bladder & carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during sexual intercourse.

Front 7

seminal vesicles

Back 7

2 main glands located @ the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens.

-The glands secrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen.

Front 8

prostate gland

Back 8

encircles the upper end of the urethra

-The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation

Front 9

scrotum

Back 9

sac suspended on both sides of & just behind the penis

-The testes are enclosed in the scrotum

Front 10

penis

Back 10

male organ of urination & copulation (sexual intercourse)

Front 11

glans penis

Back 11

enlarged tip on the end of the penis

Front 12

prepuce

Back 12

fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)

Front 13

semen

Back 13

composed of sperm, seminal fluids, & other secretions

Front 14

genitalia (genitals)

Back 14

reproductive organs (male of female)

Front 15

balan/o

Back 15

glans penis

Front 16

epididym/o

Back 16

epididymis

Front 17

orchid/o

orchi/o

orch/o

test/o

Back 17

testis, testicle

Front 18

prostat/o

Back 18

prostate gland

Front 19

vas/o

Back 19

vessel, duct

Front 20

vesicul/o

Back 20

seminal vesicle

Front 21

andr/o

Back 21

male

Front 22

sperm/o, spermat/o

Back 22

spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa), sperm

Front 23

-ism

Back 23

state of

Front 24

anorchism

Back 24

state of absence of testis

(unilateral or bilateral)

Front 25

balanitis

Back 25

inflammation of the glans penis

Front 26

balanorrhea

Back 26

discharge from the glans penis

Front 27

benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

Back 27

excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland)

Front 28

cryptorchidism

Back 28

state of hidden testes

-failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth results in cryptorchidism

(undescended testicles)

Front 29

epididymitis

Back 29

inflammation of the epididymis

Front 30

orchiepididymitis

Back 30

inflammation of the testes & epididymis

Front 31

orchitis, orchiditis, or testitis

Back 31

inflammation of the testis of testicle

Front 32

prostatitis

Back 32

inflammation of the prostate gland

Front 33

prostatocystitis

Back 33

inflammation of the prostate gland of the bladder

Front 34

prostatolith

Back 34

stone in the prostate gland

Front 35

prostatorrhea

Back 35

discharge from the prostate gland

Front 36

prostatovesiculitis

Back 36

inflammation of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles

Front 37

erectile dysfunction (ED)

Back 37

the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (impotence)

Front 38

hydrocele

Back 38

scrotal swelling caused by a collection of a fluid

Front 39

phimosis

Back 39

a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis

-may be congenital or a result of balanitis

-treatment: circumcision

Front 40

priapism

Back 40

persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain & tenderness

Front 41

prostate cancer

Back 41

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring later in life

Front 42

testicular cancer

Back 42

cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age

Front 43

testicular torsion

Back 43

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis;occurs most often during puberty

-sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain

-is surgical emergency because lack of blood flow to testis

Front 44

variocele

Back 44

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord

Front 45

balanoplasty

Back 45

surgical repair of the glans penis

Front 46

epididymectomy

Back 46

excision of an epididymis

Front 47

orchidectomy, orchiectomy

Back 47

excision of the testis (bilateral orchidectomy is also called castration)

Front 48

orchidopexy, orchiopexy

Back 48

surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicle[s] into the scrotum)

Front 49

orchidotomy, orchiotomy

Back 49

incision into the testis

Front 50

orchiplasty

Back 50

surgical repair of the testis

Front 51

prostatectomy

Back 51

excision of the prostate gland

Front 52

prostatocystotomy

Back 52

incision into the prostate gland & bladder

Front 53

prostatolithotomy

Back 53

incision into the prostate to remove a stone

Front 54

prostatovesiculectomy

Back 54

excision of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles

Front 55

vasectomy

Back 55

excision of the duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)

Front 56

vasovasostomy

Back 56

creation of artificial openings between ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)

Front 57

vesiculectomy

Back 57

excision of the seminal vesicle(s)

Front 58

circumcision

Back 58

surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)

Front 59

hydrocelectomy

Back 59

surgical removal of a hydrocele

Front 60

radical prostatectomy (RP)

Back 60

excision of the prostate gland w/ its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferns, & sometimes pelvic lymph nodes

-performed by a retropubic, perineal, or laprscopic approach

-used to treat prostate cancer

Front 61

suprapubic prostatectomy

Back 61

excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision in the bladder

-used to treat benign prostatic hyerplasia & prostate cancer

(suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy)

Front 62

transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)

Back 62

a surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck & the prostate gland

-no prostate tissue is removed

-TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostrate gland is less enlarged

Front 63

transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)

Back 63

treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave

Front 64

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

Back 64

surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra.

-the capsule is left intact

-usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes w/ urination

Front 65

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

Back 65

an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer

-sound waves were sent & received by a transducer in the form of a probe that is placed into the rectum

-the sound waves are transformed into an image of the prostate gland

Front 66

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Back 66

blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood.

-elevated test results=prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue

Front 67

semen analysis

Back 67

microscopic observation of ejaculated semen revealing the size, structure, & movement of sperm

-used to evaluate male infertility &determine effectiveness of a vasectomy

(sperm count or sperm test)

Front 68

digital rectal examination (DRE)

Back 68

physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum & feels for the size & shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall

-used to screen for BPH & prostate cancer

Front 69

andropathy

Back 69

disease of the male (specific to the male, such as testitis)

Front 70

aspermia

Back 70

condition of being w/out sperm (or semen or ejaculation)

Front 71

oligospermia

Back 71

condition of scanty sperm (in the semen; may contribute to infertility)

Front 72

spermatolysis

Back 72

dissolution (destruction) of sperm

Front 73

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 73

disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving contaminated blood transfusions

(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Front 74

artificial insemination

Back 74

introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means

Front 75

azoospermia

Back 75

lack of live sperm in the semen

Front 76

chlamydia

Back 76

sexually transmitted disease, or silent STD, because many people are not aware they have the disease.

-symptoms: painful urination, discharge from the penis in men & genital itching, vaginal discharge, & bleeding between menstrual periods in women

-cause: C. trachomatis

Front 77

coitus

Back 77

sexual intercourse between male & female

(copulation)

Front 78

condom

Back 78

cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception & the spread of sexually transmitted disease

Front 79

ejaculation

Back 79

ejection of semen from the male urethra

Front 80

genital herpes

Back 80

sexually transmitted disease caused by Herpesvirus hominis type 2

(herpes simplex virus)

Front 81

gonads

Back 81

male & female sex glands

Front 82

gonorrhea

Back 82

contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system

Front 83

heterosexual

Back 83

person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex

Front 84

homosexual

Back 84

person who is attracted to a member of the same sex

Front 85

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 85

type of retrovirus that causes AIDS.

-infects T-helper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pnemonia, turboculosis, and Kaposi sarcoma

Front 86

human papillomavirus (HPV)

Back 86

a prevalent sexually transmitted disease causing benign or cancerous growths in male & female genitals

(venereal warts)

Front 87

infertility

Back 87

reduced or absent ability to produce offspring

Front 88

orgasm

Back 88

climax of sexual stimulation

Front 89

puberty

Back 89

period when secondary sex characteristics develop & the ability to reproduce sexually begins

Front 90

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Back 90

diseases transmitted during sexual contact

like:

-syphilis

-gonorrhea

-genital herpes

(venereal disease & sexually transmitted infection [STI])

Front 91

sterilization

Back 91

process that renders an individual unable to produce offspring

Front 92

syphilis

Back 92

chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

-usually transmitted by sexual contact

-may be acquired in utero

-or (less often) through direct contact w/ infected tissue

Front 93

trichomoniasis

Back 93

sexually transmitted disease caused by a one-cell organism, Trichomonas.

-infects genitourinary tract

-men: asymptomatic or develop urethritis, enlarged prostate gland, or epididymitis

-women: vaginal itching, dysuria, & vaginal or urethral discharge

Front 94

AIDS

Back 94

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Front 95

BPH

Back 95

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Front 96

DRE

Back 96

digital rectal examination

Front 97

ED

Back 97

erectile dysfunction

Front 98

HIV

Back 98

human immunodeficiency virus

Front 99

HPV

Back 99

human papillomavirus

Front 100

PSA

Back 100

prostate-specific antigen

Front 101

RP

Back 101

radical prostatectomy

Front 102

STD

Back 102

sexually transmitted disease

Front 103

TRUS

Back 103

transrectal ultrasound

Front 104

TUIP

Back 104

transurethral incision of the prostate

Front 105

TUMT

Back 105

transurethral microwave therapy

Front 106

TURP

Back 106

transurethral resection of the prostate

Front 107

spermatocele

Back 107

scrotal swelling caused by distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid & sperm cells