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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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glomerulus
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Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the cortex of the kidney. As blood flows through each glomerulus
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Bowman capsule
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Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney.
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renal tubule
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Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
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renal pelvis
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Central collecting chamber of the kidney.
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ureter
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Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
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urinary bladder
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Hollow container with muscular walls that holds and stores urine until it is discharged from the body. Urinary catheterization is passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine.
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urethra
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Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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urinary meatus
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An opening or passageway. The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra to the outside of the body and the auditory meatus is the opening of the ear to the outside of the body.
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caliceal
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Pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney).
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urinary meatal stenosis
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Narrowing of the meatus (opening) leading from the urethra to the outside of the body.
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creatinine
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Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine.
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medullary
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Pertaining to the medulla or an organ.
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cystocele
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hernia of the urinary bladder.
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vesicoureteral reflux
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Backflow of urine from the urinary bladder to the ureters.
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glycosuria
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sugar in the urine; a symptom of diabetes mellitus.
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hematuria
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color of theurine is smoky red owing to presence of blood.
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pyuria
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urine is turbid (cloudy) owing to presence of WBCs and pus.
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sediment
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abnormal particles are present in urine -- cells
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pH
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urine test that reflects the acidity or alkalinity of urine.
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bilirubinuria
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dark pigment accumulates in urine as a result of liver disease.
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ketonuria
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high levels of acides and acetones accumulate in urine.
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proteinuria
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leaky glomeruli can produce this accumulation of albumin in urine.
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azotomia
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Excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood; uremia.
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polydipsia
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Excessive thirst.
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nocturia
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Urinary frequency at night.
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oliguria
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Scanty urination.
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dysuria
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Painful urination.
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urinary retention
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Inability to pass urine, which is held back in the urinary bladder. Urination is the process of expelling urine; micturition; voiding.
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polyuria
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Excessive urination.
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anuria
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Suppression of urine formation by the kidney.
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bacteriuria
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Bacteria in the urine.
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enuresis
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Bedwetting; literally
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essential hypertension
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high blood pressure that is idiopathic.
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hypernephroma
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malignant tumor of the kidney.
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secondary hypertension
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high blood pressure caused by kidney disease.
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catheter
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a tube for withdrawing or giving fluid.
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abscess
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collection of pus.
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edema
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swelling; fluid in tissues.
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diabetes insipidus
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inadequate secretion of ADH.
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stricture
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a narrowed area in a tube.
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C&S (culture and sensitivity testing)
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to determine antibiotic effectiveness abgainst bacteria growth from a patient's specimen.
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen.
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cysto
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cystoscopic examination.
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Na+
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sodium - an electrolyte.
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UTI
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urinary tract infection.
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging.
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hemodialysis (HD)
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uses an artifical kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patient's blood stream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient's body.
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CAPD
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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
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renal biopsy
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removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination by a pathologist.
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renal angiography
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dilation of normal area in renal arteries.
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pyelogram
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x-ray record of the renal pelvis and urinary tract.
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renal ischemia
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blood is held back from the kidney.
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catheter
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a tube for withdrawing and inserting fluid.
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micturition
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act of urination.
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erythropoietin
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hormone secreted by the kidney to increase production of red blood cells.
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meatal stenosis
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narrowing of the opening of the urinary tract to the outside of the body.
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electrolyte
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sodium and potassium are examples.
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secondary hypertension
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high blood pressure due to kidney disease.
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edema
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swelling or fluid in tissue spaces.
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abcess
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collection of pus.
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nephrosclerosis
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hardening of arterioles in the kidney.
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the urinary bladder.
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albuminuria
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protein in the urine.
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uremia
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high levels of nitrogeneous waste in the blood.
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urinary incontinence
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inability to hold urine in the bladder.
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creatinine
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a nitrogeneous waste excreted in the urine.
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nephrolithiasis
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reneal calculi.
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glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of the small balls of capillaries in the kidney.
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hematuria
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blood in the urine.
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ureteroneocystostomy
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an anastomosis
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nitrogeneous
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substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
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urinalysis
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series of tests to evaluate the composition of urine.
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meatus
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opening or canal.
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dysuria
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difficult; painful urination.
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abscess
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collection of pus.
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dialysis
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process of separating nitrogeneous waste material(s) from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function.
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medulla
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inner region; the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medullar).
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pyelogram
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record (x-ray) of the renal pelvis.
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vesicorectal
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relating to the bladder and the rectum.
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creatinine
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nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism, excreted by the kidney in urine.
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edema
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swelling; fluid in tissues.
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the bladder.
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nephrosclerosis
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hardening of vessels in the kidney.
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albuminuria
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protein in the urine.
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calculus
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stone.
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst.
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calyx
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collecting area in the kidney.
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incontinence
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inability to hold urine in bladder.
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electrolyte
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chemical that carries an electrical charge.
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erythropoietin
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hromone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cells.
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cystourethrogram
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an X-ray photograph of the urinary bladder and urethra made after injection of these organs with a contrast medium.
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meatotomy
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Incision of a meatus in order to enlarge it. The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra to the outside of the body.
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edema
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces.
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hilum
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Depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung. It is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ.
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nephrolithotomy
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Incision of the kidney to remove a stone.
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trigone
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Triangular area in the urinary bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits.
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urethroplasty
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Surgical repair of the urethra.
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ureterocele
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cystic dilation of the lower part of a ureter into the bladder.
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glycosuria
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Sugar in the urine.
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creatinine
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Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine.
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dysuria
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painful urination.
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enuresis
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bedwetting.
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abscess
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collection of pus.
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cortical
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pertaining to the outer section of an organ.
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hematuria
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blood in the urine.
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diuresis
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excessive urination.
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medullary
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pertaining to the inner section of an organ.
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uremia
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excessive urea in the bloodstream.
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oliguria
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scanty urination.
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nephropathy
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disease of the kidney.
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bacteriuria
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bacteria in the urine.
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst.
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pyelolithotomy
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incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis.
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albuminuria
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protein in the urine.
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the urinary bladder.
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lithotripsy
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crushing of a stone.
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glycosuria
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sugar in the urine.
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hilum
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Depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung. It is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ.
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kidney
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One of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region.
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prostate gland
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a firm partly muscular partly glandular body that is situated about the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
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trigone
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Triangular area in the urinary bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits.
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ureter
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Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
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urethra
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Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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urinary bladder
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Hollow container with muscular walls that holds and stores urine until it is discharged from the body. Urinary catheterization is passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine.
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urinary meatus
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An opening or passageway. The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra to the outside of the body and the auditory meatus is the opening of the ear to the outside of the body.
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calyx
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cuplike collecting region of the renal pelvis.
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meatus
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opening or canal.
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renal tubule
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microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
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arteriole
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small artery.
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nephron
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functional unit of the kidney; about one million in each kidney.
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urethra
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tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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renal vein
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blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.
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hilum
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depression or hollow in that part of an organ (such as the kidney) where blood vessels and nerves enter and leaves.
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renal pelvis
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central collecting region in the kidney.
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electrolyte
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chemical element carrying an electrical charge when dissolved in water; sodium and potassium are examples.
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catheter
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tube for injecting or removing fluids.
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erythropoietin
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hormone secreted by the kideny to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow.
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medulla
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inner region of an organ.
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cortex
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outer region of an organ.
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glomerulus
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tiny ball of capillaries in outer area of kidney.
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voiding
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urination; micturition.
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creatinine
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nitrogeneous waste product of muscle metabolisum excreted in urine.
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urinary bladder
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hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
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cyst/o
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sac of fluid.
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pyel/o
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renal pelvis.
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vesic/o
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urinary bladder.
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lith/o
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stone; calculus.
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ren/o
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kidney.
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albumin/o
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albumin (protein).
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hydr/o
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water.
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py/o
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pus.
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azot/o
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urea; nitrogen.
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olig/o
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scanty.
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-ptosis
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droop; sag; prolapse; protrude.
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-tripsy
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to crush.
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-stenosis
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tightening; striction
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-lysis
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breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening.
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-ectasis
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dilation; dilatation; widening.
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-megaly
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enlargement.
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-poietin
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substance that forms.
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-uria
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urination; condition of urine.
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-sclerosis
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hardening.
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-ole
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little; small.
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anti-
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against.
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peri-
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surrounding.
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retro-
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behind; back; backward.
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poly-
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many; much.
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dys-
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bad; painful; difficult; abnormal.
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dia-
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completion; through.
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en-
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in; within.
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a-
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an-
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-stomy
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new opening.
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-lithotomy
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incision .
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-pathy
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disease condition.
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-ectomy
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removal.
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-gram
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record.
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-plasty
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surgical repair.
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-emia
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blood condition.
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dips/o
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thirst.
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nect/o
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night.
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angi/o
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blood vessel.
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erythropoietin
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secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production.
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filtration
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process whereby some substances pass through the walls of a glomerulus.
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hilum
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Notch on the medial surface of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
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renin
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substance made in the kidney that increases blood pressure.
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calyx
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cuplike collecting region of the renal pelvis.
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glomerulus
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tiny ball of capillaries in cortex of the kidney.
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catheter
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tube for injecting fluids into or removing fluids from the urinary tract.
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urethra
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tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body.
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voiding
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expelling urine.
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hypernephroma
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malignant tumor of the kidney; another term for renal cell carcinoma.
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arteriole
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a small artery.
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cortex
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the outer region of th ekidney is the renal.
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micturition
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another term for urination.
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meatus
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opening or canal.
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trigone
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triangular area in the bladder where the ureters enter and urethra exits.
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bladder
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sac that holds urine.
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reabsorption
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the process of accepting again or taking back; substances needed by the boody pass from the renal tubules back into the blood stream.
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ureter
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one or two tubes leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
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retention
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urine cannot leave the bladder; urinary ______.
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