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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solution
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is a uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute
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solvent
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is the part of a solution present in the LARGEST amount
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solute
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is the substance present in a solution in THE smaller AMount disoolved by the solvent
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colloid
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a mixture that contains small, undissolved particles that do not settle out
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suspension
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is a mixture in which particles particles can be seen and easily separated by
settling or filtration |
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Dilute solution
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has little solute
dissolved in a certain amount of solvent |
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concentrated solution
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has a lot of solute
dissolved in a certain amount of solvent |
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solubility
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is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at any given temperature
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saturated solution
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When you have added so much solute that no more can be dissolved.
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unsaturated solution
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you can contine to add solute and it will dissolve
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SUPERsaturated solution
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has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at a geven temperature
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What are the characteristics of
solutions, colloids and suspensions? |
**
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What happens to the particles of a solute when a solution forms?
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When a solution forms particles of the slvent surround and separate the particles of the solute
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How do solutes affect the freezing point and boiling points of a solvent?
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solutes lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of the solvent
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HOW IS CONCENTRATION MEASURED
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compare the solute to the
total amount of solution |
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why is solubility useful in identifying substances?
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because it is a property of the matter
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What factors affect the solubility of a substance?
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pressure
type of solvent temperature |
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how can you change the concentration of a solution?
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by changing the amount of solute or solvent
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how can you increase the concentration if one solution has twice as much solvent?
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add more solute
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How can 2 solutions have the same concentration if one solution has twice as much solvent?
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that soln must also have twice as much solute
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How can you tell when you reach the solubility of salt in water?
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no more salt will dissolve
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Why do sugar molecules not break apart as salt ions do when they are dissolved in water?
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because sugar's covalent bonds do not break and the nearly neutral sugar molecules are less attracted by the polar water molecules
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Which kind of solution conducts an electric current?
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a solution of an IONIC compound dissolved in water
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How could you separate pepper from a susp. of pepper & water?
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filter
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ACID
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sour
react with metals &carbonates turn litmus blue to RED |
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corrosive
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wear away
acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas metals appear to disappear in the soln. |
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indicator
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litmus
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Acids turn blue limus paper____
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red
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Vinegar, lemon juice,are_______
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acids
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How is litmus paper made?
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dye is derived from lichens
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BASE
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bitter
slippery red litmus turns blue |
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sodium hydroxide shampoo
soap Tonic water calcium hydroxide ammonia all are _________ |
bases
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Where are corrisive acids found?
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car battery
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What causes etching of the metal?
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hydrochloric acis
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What are 2 acids that you need in your diet?
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ascorbic acid ( vitamin c)
folic acid |
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What is hydrochloric acid used for?
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cleaning bricks and metals
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what 2 acids are in fertilizers?
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nitric acid
phosphoric acid |
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What base is found in drain cleaner?
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sodium hydroxide
( LYE) |
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What base would you add to soil to make it less acidic?
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calcium oxide
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Where would you find calcium hydroxide
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mortar & cement
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WHy is baking soda used in baking?
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It reacts with acids to produce CO2 gas which makes baked goods light and fluffy
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What kinds of ions do acids and bases form in water?
*** know this**** |
acids produce HYDROGEN ions
bases produce HyDROXIDE iona |
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WHat does ph tell you about a solution?
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LOW ph-concentration of hydrogen ions is big
HIGH ph- hydrogen ions are low |
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Each unit on the ph scale represents _____change in acidity
How much more acidic is an acid with a ph of 1 than 3? |
10 fold
100 times |
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What happens in a neutralization reaction?
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acid reacts with a base to form
a SALT & water |
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What is a salt?
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made from a neutralization reaction
+ ion of a base & - ion of acid ionic compound |
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What is the ph of a neutralizarion reaction?
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close to 7
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A hydroxide ion is a
+ or - ion? |
negative ion
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a HYDROGEN ION IS A
+ OR - ION? |
POSITIVE ION
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THe ph scale is from
0 to ____ |
14
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The ph scale expresses the concentration of _________
in solution. |
hydrogen ions
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How would a weak base differ from an equal concentration of a strong base?
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the wek base would produce fewer hydroxide ions in solution.
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What acid reacts with KOH to produce KCL?
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HCL
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A solution is an example of a
homogenous colloid homogenous mixture heterogenous colloid heterogenous mixture |
homgenous mixture
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Manesium flouride and aluminum
flouride are? ionic compounds molecular compounds covalent electrons radioactive elements |
molecular compounds
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When dissolved in water ionic compounds
conduct electricity make the water cloudy form double & triple bonds do not conduct electricity |
conduct electricity
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When dissolved in water molecular compounds_______
electricity |
do not
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