Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transport Proteins |
Provide a pathway by which materials can enter or leave cells. |
|
Selectively Permeable Membrane |
Controls which materials enter and leave the cell. |
|
Passive transport |
Doesn't require energy |
|
Active transport |
Requires energy |
|
Diffusion |
The passive transport of a substance from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. |
|
Simple diffusion |
The passive transmembrane movement of a substance without the assistance of any membrane components. |
|
Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across the selectively permeable membrane. |
|
Hypotonic solution |
An external medium that is more watery than the cytosol of the cell. |
|
Hypertonic solution |
Is an external medium that is less watery than the cytosol. |
|
Isotonic solution |
Is "just right" in that it's solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell under consideration. |
|
Osmoregulation |
Constant balancing act to maintain an appropriate amount of salt and water inside each cell. |
|
Facilitated diffusion |
The passive transmembrane movement of a substance with the assistance of membrane transport proteins. |
|
Channel proteins |
Enable substances of the right size and charge to move passively through the plasma membrane. |
|
Carrier proteins |
Recognizes binds and transports a specific cargo molecule. |
|
Passive carrier proteins |
Assist in the diffusion of ions and molecules that are distributed unevenly between the two sides of a biological membrane. |
|
Active carrier proteins |
Can move molecules across the plasma membrane with the aid of an energy rich molecule such as ATP |
|
Exocytosis |
Cells release substances into their surroundings by fusing membrane enclosed vesicles with the plasma membrane. |
|
Endocytosis |
A section of plasma membrane bulges inward to form a pocket around extra cellular fluid selected molecules or whole particles. |
|
Pinocytosis |
Cells take in fluid this way |
|
Receptors |
Specialized proteins that interact with specific substances in the exterior environment. |
|
Receptor mediated endocytosis |
Specialized receptor proteins embedded in the plasma membrane determine which substances will be selected for incorporation into the vesicles arising from that membrane region. |
|
Phagocytosis |
Large scale version of endocytosis in that it involves the ingestion of particles considerably larger than macromolecules. |
|
Cell junctions |
Plasma membrane structures that interconnect adjacent cells |
|
Anchoring junctions |
Structures formed by patches of proteins located for the most part on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane |
|
Tight junctions |
Structures formed by belts of proteins that run alone the plasma membrane |
|
Gap junctions |
Most widespread type of cellular connections in animals |
|
Plasmodesmata |
Tunnels that breach the cell walls between two cells and connect their cytoplasm |
|
Signaling molecules |
Could be ions small molecules the size of amino acid or large molecules the size of proteins. |
|
Target cell |
Localized in the plasma membrane or somewhere in the cytoplasm |
|
Signal transduction pathways |
Plasma membrane receptors bind their signaling molecules at the cell surface and must relay receipt of the signals to the cytoplasm through a series of cellular events. |
|
Hormones |
Long lasting signaling molecules that can act over long distances. |