Chapter 7-3: Cell Transport

Front 1

diffusion

Back 1

process in which molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 2

facilitated diffusion

Back 2

process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through protein channels

Front 3

osmosis

Back 3

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 4

osmotic pressure

Back 4

pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 5

active transport

Back 5

the energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Front 6

isotonic

Back 6

equal concentration of solute in the cell and the environment (water in and out); maintains equilibrium; "same strength"

Front 7

hypertonic

Back 7

concentration of solutes in the environment is higher than the cell (water moves out of the cell); "above strength"

Front 8

hypotonic

Back 8

concentration of solutes in the environment is lower than the cell (water moves into the cell); "below strength"

Front 9

"protein pumps"

Back 9

a kind of protein that is capable of pumping compounds that could pose a threat to the cell

Front 10

exocytosis

Back 10

a process in which materials are released from a cell

Front 11

endocitosis

Back 11

process of taking material into the cell by means of infolding or pockets of the cell membrane

Front 12

aquaporins

Back 12

water channel protein in a cell

Front 13

phagocytosis

Back 13

process of taking large particles into the cell (solids)

Front 14

pinocytosis

Back 14

process of taking liquid into the cell

Front 15

molecular transport

Back 15

involves the movement of small molecules and ions in and out of cells across the cell membrane

Front 16

bulk transport

Back 16

the transport of very large molecule and solid clumps of material in and out of the cell

Front 17

hydrophobe

Back 17

a compound or material that is water repelling

Front 18

equilibrium

Back 18

state of balance: condition in which all actioning influences are balanced

Front 19

permeable

Back 19

capable of being passed through

Front 20

passive transport

Back 20

the movements of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy