Chapter 7

Front 1

Acne Papule

Back 1

A pimple; a small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

Front 2

Adipose or Subcutis Tissue

Back 2

The fatty layer found below the dermis. It varies in thickness according to the age, gender, weight and general health of the individual. Adverse

Front 3

Adverse Skin Reaction

Back 3

An abnormal skin condition caused by a chemical or physical irritant or a corrosive or allergy producing substance.

Front 4

Albinism

Back 4

Congenital leukoderma, or the absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the hair, skin, and eyes.

Front 5

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Back 5

Skin that becomes allergic to an ingredient in a product; often caused by prolonged or repeated contact.

Front 6

Anhidrosis

Back 6

A deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases.

Front 7

Arrector Pili Muscles

Back 7

A tiny, involuntary muscle at the base of the hair follicle that causes “goose bumps”.

Front 8

Basal Cell Layer (Stratum Germinativum)

Back 8

The bottom, live layer of the epidermis, where cells divide and begin the keratinization process.

Front 9

Bromhidrosis

Back 9

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet.

Front 10

Bulla (Bullae)

Back 10

A large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger.

Front 11

Callus (Keratoma)

Back 11

Repeated pressure on any part of this skin will cause it to thicken and develop into a callus. This is a protective layer that prevents damage to the underlying skin and should never be completely removed.

Front 12

Chloasma

Back 12

A condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin from dark spots that are not elevated.

Front 13

Cicatrix (Scar)

Back 13

A light colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.

Front 14

Collagen

Back 14

A fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.

Front 15

Comedo

Back 15

A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum. When the sebum is exposed to the environment, it oxidizes and turns black (blackhead); when the follicle is closed and not exposed, the comedone is white (whitehead).

Front 16

Contact Dermatitis

Back 16

An eruptive skin infection caused by touching certain substances to the skin; may be short or long term.

Front 17

Dermis (Derma, Corium or Cutis)

Back 17

The underlying or inner layer of the skin.

Front 18

Crust

Back 18

Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; and accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.

Front 19

Cyst

Back 19

A closed, abnormally developed sac, containing fluid, semi fluid, or morbid matter above or below a skin.

Front 20

Dermatitis

Back 20

An abnormal inflammatory condition of the skin.

Front 21

Dermatologist

Back 21

Physician engaged in the practice of treating the skin, it’s structures, functions, and diseases.

Front 22

Dermatology

Back 22

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatments.

Front 23

Eczema

Back 23

An inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions.

Front 24

Elastin

Back 24

A protein similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue.

Front 25

Epidermis

Back 25

The outmost layer of the skin.

Front 26

Esthetician

Back 26

A specialist in the cleaning, preservation of health, and beautification of the skin and body; one who gives therapeutic facial treatments.

Front 27

Excoriation

Back 27

A skin sore or abrasion produces by scratching or scraping.

Front 28

Fissure

Back 28

A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis, such as chapped hands or lips.

Front 29

Hematoma

Back 29

A collection of blood that is trapped underneath the nail. This blood usually results in pain and pressure on the nail bed. This excess blood may need to be drained by a physician.

Front 30

Histamine

Back 30

Chemicals released in the blood that enlarge the vessels around an injury so that blood can spread removal of any allergy causing substance.

Front 31

Hyperhidrosis

Back 31

Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.

Front 32

Hypertrophy

Back 32

Abnormal growth of the skin.

Front 33

Initiator

Back 33

A substance that starts the chain reaction that leads to the creation of very long polymer chains.

Front 34

Irritant contact dermatitis

Back 34

A skin infection caused when the skin becomes irritated by a substance.

Front 35

Keloid

Back 35

A think scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.

Front 36

Keratin

Back 36

A fiber protein found in nails, skin and hair. The keratin in natural nails is harder than the keratin in hair or skin.

Front 37

Lentigenes

Back 37

The technical term for freckle.

Front 38

Lesion

Back 38

A mark on the skin; certain lesions could indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure or tissue or organs. There are three types of skin lesions; primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Front 39

Leukoderma

Back 39

A skin disorder characterized by light as normal patches; caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells.

Front 40

Macule

Back 40

A spot or discoloration of the skin, such as a freckle. Macules are neither raised or sunken.

Front 41

Malignant Melanoma

Back 41

Most serious form of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

Front 42

Melanin

Back 42

Tiny grains of pigment deposited into cells in the layer of the epidermis and papillary layers of the dermis. Two types of melanin: pheomelanin, which is red to yellow and eumelanin, which is dark brown to black.

Front 43

Melanocytes

Back 43

Melanin-forming cells.

Front 44

Militarism rubra

Back 44

Prickly heat; and acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.

Front 45

Mole

Back 45

A small, brownish spot or blemish on the skin ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.

Front 46

Motor nerve fibers

Back 46

Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry implicates from the brain to the muscles.

Front 47

Nevus (Birthmark)

Back 47

A small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries; commonly known as a birthmark.

Front 48

Overexposure

Back 48

Prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure that can cause sensitivity.

Front 49

Papillary layer

Back 49

The outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis.

Front 50

Psoriasis

Back 50

A skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales, usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back, and rarely on the face.

Front 51

Pustule

Back 51

An inflamed pimple containing pus.

Front 52

Reticular layer

Back 52

A deeper layer of the dermis that supples the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector polo muscles, oil glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles.

Front 53

Scale

Back 53

Any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily, such as abnormal or excessive dandruff.

Front 54

Sebaceous gland

Back 54

An oil gland of the skin connected to the hair follicle.

Front 55

Secretory coil

Back 55

A tube-like such that is part of the sudoriferous gland that ends at the surface of the skin to form the sweat pore.

Front 56

Secretory nerve fibers

Back 56

Fibers that are distributed to the sweat and oil glands. Secretory Jeeves, which are a part of the automatic nervous system, regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin.

Front 57

Sensitization

Back 57

A greatly increased or exaggerated allergic sensitivity to products.

Front 58

Sensory nerve fibers

Back 58

Sensory receptors that send messages to the brain. These react to heat, cold, touch, pressure and pain.

Front 59

Skin tag

Back 59

A small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.

Front 60

Squamous cell carcinoma

Back 60

A type of skin cancer that is more serious than nasal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red Papule or nodules.

Front 61

Stain

Back 61

An abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape.

Front 62

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

Back 62

The outer layer of the epidermis.

Front 63

Stratum granulosum

Back 63

The granular layer of the epidermis.

Front 64

Stratum lucidum

Back 64

A clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.

Front 65

Stratum spinosum

Back 65

The spiny layer just above the basal cell layer.

Front 66

Subcutaneous tissue (Adipose or subcutis)

Back 66

Is the fatty layer found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body; contains fat used for energy; and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

Front 67

Sudoriferous glands

Back 67

Sweat glands of the skin.

Front 68

Tactile corpuscles

Back 68

Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.

Front 69

Tan

Back 69

A change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light.

Front 70

Telangiectasia

Back 70

The dilation of surface blood vessels.

Front 71

Tubercle

Back 71

An abnormal, rounded, solid lump, above, within, or under the skin. Larger than a Papule.

Front 72

Tumor

Back 72

A swelling; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells, varying in size, shape and color.

Front 73

Ulcer

Back 73

An open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body accompanied by puss and loss of skin depth.

Front 74

Ultraviolet energy

Back 74

Energy that is invisible to the human eye; found in sunlight and used to polymerize UV cuing nail coatings.

Front 75

Verruca (Wart)

Back 75

Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis.

Front 76

Vitamin A

Back 76

Aids in the health, functions, and repair of skin cells; improves the skins elasticity and thickness.

Front 77

Vitamin A

Back 77

Aids in the health, functions, and repair of skin cells; improves the skins elasticity and thickness.

Front 78

Vitamin C

Back 78

Needed for proper repair of the skin and various tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skins dermal tissues, keeping the skin healthy and firm.

Front 79

Vitamin A

Back 79

Aids in the health, functions, and repair of skin cells; improves the skins elasticity and thickness.

Front 80

Vitamin C

Back 80

Needed for proper repair of the skin and various tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skins dermal tissues, keeping the skin healthy and firm.

Front 81

Vitamin D

Back 81

Promotes healthy and rapid healing of the skin; enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance.

Front 82

Vitamin E

Back 82

Helps fight against and protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sunlight.

Front 83

Vitiligo

Back 83

Milky-white spots of the skin. It’s hereditary and may be related to thyroid conditions.

Front 84

Wheal

Back 84

An itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours, caused by a blow, bite of an insect, urticaria, or sting of a nettle.