Chapter 6 Somatic Symptom Disorders

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Somatic symptom disorders

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A group of disorders in which individuals experience physical or bodily symptoms.

- often the cause is not medically explain.

- DSM-4 criteria over emphasized the importance of an absence of a medical explanation for somatic symptoms. Explained symptoms are present to various degrees, partially in a conversion disorders but somatic symptoms disorders can also accompany diagnose medical disorders.

- DSM-5 classification defines disorders on the basis of positive symptoms example the stress somatic symptoms + abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response to these symptoms.

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Somatic symptoms disorder criteria

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A. One or more physical complaints of bodily symptoms.

B. Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to bodily symptoms:

-- disproportionate thoughts about somatic symptoms.

-- Persistent and high anxiety about symptoms.

--Excessive time / energy focused on health concerns.

C. Symptoms that last at least 6 months. May have a predominant presentation of pain.

-- specifiers / with predominant pain / persistent.

-- mild is B. 1 symptom, moderate is B. 2+ symptoms, severe is B. 2+ symptoms and intensity of pain.

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Etiology somatic symptom disorder

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These disorders run in families, but it is not clear whether this is due to genetics or molding. Different theories claim different Origins for this disorder.

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Illness anxiety disorder formulae hypochondriasis

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1. Somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, our only mild and intensity. If another medical condition is present or there is a high risk for developing medical condition preoccupation is clearly excessive or disproportionate.

2. There is a high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about their personal health status.

3. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors example repeatedly checking his or her body for signs of illness. Or exhibits maladaptive avoidance example avoiding doctor's appointments are hospitals.

4. Illness preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months, and the specific illness that is beard made change over that period of time.

5. The illness related preoccupation is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as some symptom disorders, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and body dysmorphia disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or delusional disorder, somatic type.

- specific whether:

care seeking type /Medical Care is frequently used.

Care avoidance type / Medical Care is rarely used.

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Hypochondriac/ somatic/ theories/

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-Biological there is often family history of health concerns but not clear genetic links.

-Behavioural emphasizes reinforcements example attention / sympathy for illness / concern and modeling.

-Cognitive dysfunctional beliefs about illness, assuming that serious illness are common and tendency to misinterpret any physical change as a sign of concern. Experiences bodily Sensations more intensely, pays a lot of attention to physical symptoms Sensations, and catastrophizes the symptoms.

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Treatment somatic and hypochondriac

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Many individuals may not receive psychological treatment to be useful and may experience diagnosis as stigmatizing and or invalidating of pain / distress.

Most commonly used a CBT approach to address somatic symptom disorders. Interpret Sensations without catastrophizing challenges attributions about risk.

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Conversion disorder

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One more symptoms are altered voluntarily motor or sensory function.

- clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical condition.

- the symptoms or deficit kaaws Clinic Lee significant distress or impairment in Social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or warrants medical evaluation.

-- it is diagnosed about twice as often in women than men and is comparatively rare 5 out of 1,000.

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Etiologie/ conversion disorder

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Often occurs after trauma or high stressful experience. Person may appear indifferent about the problem.

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Treatment / conversion disorder

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Most treaters focus on identifying the origin of the complaint. Behavioral therapist might use exposure to teach a different way of responding while a psychodynamic Trader would work to make person aware of complex so the somatic symptoms become unnecessary.

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Criticisms of somatic disorders label

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Cultural norms May influence how individuals Express distress. Physical disorders may be difficult to detect or diagnose. 20% of patients and neurological clinics do not have identified cause of their disorder. Problems with labeling chronic pain as psychosomatic. Definition of excessive worry or anxiety study of patience of Cardiology, neurology, respiratory, and Gastrology clinics found that almost 20% had experienced illness anxiety.

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Fictitious disorder

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Intentionally fabricate or fake a physical or psychological symptom.

- criteria for diagnosis includes intentionally fabricating speaking to produce physical or psychological signs or symptoms and the absence of any other mental disorder. When the individual applies this pretend sickness to a dependent, for example a child it is often referred to as a fictitious disorder by proxy.

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Etiology / fictitious disorder

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Motivation to assume the sick role. Most practitioners believe this behavior is for the purpose of garnering attention. Some suggestions of early history of extensive medical problems. Associated with depression, very limited social support, and poor parent-child relationships. No effective treatment.

--- no treatment.

-can be associated with a caregiver over a child.