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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Social Influence

It is defined as the influence of other people on our everyday thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Social Influence

It leads individuals, sometimes against their will, to adopt and adhere to the opinions of others.

Conformity

It is the outcome of social influence

Conformity

It refers to the change in beliefs, opinions, and behaviors as a result of our perceptions about what people believe or do.

Leadership

It is the ability to direct or inspire others to achieve goals.

Informational social influence

It is the change in opinions or behavior that occur when we conform to people who we believe have accurate information.

Informational social influence

It is often the result of social comparison.

Social comparison

It is the process of comparing our opinions with those of others to gain an accurate appraisal of the validity of an opinion or behavior.

Private acceptance

It is the result of conformity due to informational social influence

Private acceptance

The real change in opinions on the part of the individual

Informational social influence

It is conforming to be accurate

Normative social influence

It is conforming to be liked and to avoid rejection

Social norms

It is the socially accepted beliefs about what we do or should do in particular social contexts.

Social norms

It is the socially accepted beliefs about what we do or should do in particular social contexts.

Public compliance

is a superficial change in behavior (including the public expression of opinion) that is not accompanied by an actual change in one’s opinion.

Majority influence

It is conforming to the group.

Majority influence

It occurs when the beliefs held by the larger number of individuals in the current social group prevail.

Minority influence

It occurs when the beliefs held by the smaller number of individuals in the current social group prevail.

Autokinetic effect

Study the outcomes of conformity on the development of group norms.

Muzafer Sherif

He uses a perceptual phenomenon known as the autokinetic.

Autokinetic effect

It is caused by rapid, small movements of our eyes as we view objects and that allow us to focus on stimuli in our environment.

Minority influence

It is resisting group pressure

Minority influence

cases in which a smaller number of individuals are able to influence the opinions or behaviors of the group

Moscovici, Lage, Naffrechoux

Created test for minority influence

Social impact

The increase in amount of conformity that is produced by adding new members to the majority group.

Social power

the ability of a person to create conformity even when the people being influenced may attempt to resist those changes

Experimenter

Person in charge of the session

Teacher

A volunteer for a single session.

Leader

An actor and confederate of the experimenter

Abu Ghraib

is an Iraqi prison in which US soldiers physically and psychologically tortured their Iraqi prisoners.

Brewer, 2003

People prefer to have an “optimal” balance between being similar to, and different from, others

Reactance

represents a desire to restore freedom that is being threatened

Reward power

It is the ability to distribute positive or negative rewards

Reward power

It occurs when one person is able to influence others by providing them with positive outcomes.

Coercive power

The ability to dispense punishments.

Coercive power

It is the power that is based on the ability to create negative outcomes for others, for instance by bullying, intimidating, or otherwise, punishing.

Legitimate power

It is the authority that comes from a belief on the part of those being influenced that the person has a legitimate right to demand obedience.

Referent power

It is influence based on the identification with, attraction to, or respect for the power-holder.

Expert power

A power that comes from others’ beliefs that the power-holder possesses superior skills and abilities.

Expert power

Represents a type of informational influence based on the fundamental desire to obtain valid and accurate information, and where the outcome is likely to be private acceptance.

Leader

a person who has a power over others, in the sense that the person is able to influence them.

Personality theories of leadership

Explanations of leadership based on the idea that some people are simply “natural leaders” because they possesses personality characteristics that make them effective.

Charismatic leader

Leaders who are enthusiastic, committed and self-confident; who tend to talk about the importance of group goals at a broad level; and who make personal sacrifices for the group.

Charismatic leader

They use referent power to uplift, motivate and inspire others.

Transactional leader

They are the more regular leaders who work with their subordinates to help them understand what is required of them and to get the job done.

Transformational leader

They are more like charismatic leaders.


They have a vision of where the group is going and attempt to stimulate and inspire their workers to move beyond their present status and to create a new and better future.

Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness

It is a model of leadership effectiveness that focuses on both person variables and situation variables.