Chapter 6 Review On Genetics/inheritance

Front 1

Genetics

Back 1

the study of heredity(inheritance)

Front 2

Blending

Back 2

You have 2 different parents and their traits were blended in the offspring

Front 3

Genotype

Back 3

The genetic makeup of an organism

Front 4

Probability

Back 4

The likelyhood of how something will turn out

Front 5

Trait

Back 5

A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring genetically

Front 6

Dominant

Back 6

Trait that appears in the F1 or is uppercase

Front 7

Recessive

Back 7

Trait that is not expressed in the F1's of the P1 purebreed cross

Front 8

Mendel

Back 8

Monk who lived in the 1800's, applied mathematics and meticulous data keeping to his work with pea plants, and was interested in the inheritance of traits

Front 9

Purebred

Back 9

An organism that inherits the same genetic traits from both parents

Front 10

Genes

Back 10

A section of a chromosome that codes for a trait

Front 11

Homozygous

Back 11

Having identical alleles for one trait

Front 12

Heterozygous

Back 12

Having on of each type of allele for a two-allele trait

Front 13

Hybrid

Back 13

Recieves different genetic traits from each parent

Front 14

Allele

Back 14

One or two or more forms of a gene

Front 15

Mendel's Laws

Back 15

Segregation: alleles of genes seperate when gametes form from the seperation of homologous pairs
Independent Assortment: Traits are inherited independently of one another as gene pairs seperate randomly
Dominance: the dominant allele is expressed and the recessve allele is hidden if both are present

Front 16

Punnett Square

Back 16

A rectangular display of all possible gamete combinations of offspring for a trait or set of traits

Front 17

Test Cross

Back 17

To know the genotype of an organism(homozygous dominant or heterozygous) you can cross it with a homozygous recessive and count the results

Front 18

F1

Back 18

The first generation of offspring or first filial

Front 19

F2

Back 19

The second generation of offspring

Front 20

Dihybrid

Back 20

The crossing of two traits

Front 21

P

Back 21

The purebreed parent generation

Front 22

Pedigree

Back 22

A chart that shows how a trait and the genes that control it are inherited within a family

Front 23

Incomplete dominance

Back 23

When neither inherited allele dominates in the offspring and they are each partially expressed
Ex: red x white snapdragons=pink snapdragons

Front 24

Codominance

Back 24

Both alleles in the heterozygous offspring express themselves fully
Ex:blood type

Front 25

Polygenic

Back 25

Traits controlled by two or more genes

Front 26

Multiple Alleles

Back 26

If a trait has more than two alleles

Front 27

Pleiotrophy

Back 27

When a single gene affecrs more than one trait or an entire organism
Ex: sickle cell anemia

Front 28

Carrier

Back 28

When the trait is not expressed but they carry the gene