Chapter 6 - Quick And Easy Medical Terminology

Front 1

hematopoeisis

Back 1

blood production

Front 2

orthopedics

Back 2

branch of medicine involved in prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Front 3

orthopedist

Back 3

specialist who originally aligned children's bones and corrected deformities

- now treats musculoskeletal disorders of people in all ages

Front 4

musculoskeletal

Back 4

pertaining to the muscles and skeleton

Front 5

cranium, crani/o

Back 5

skull

Front 6

costa, cost/o

Back 6

rib

Front 7

sternum, stern/o

Back 7

breastbone

Front 8

spine, rachi/o, spin/o

Back 8

backbone

Front 9

vertebrae, spondyl/o, vertebr/o

Back 9

spinal bones in general

Front 10

cervical (vertebrae), cervic/o

Back 10

spinal bone in the neck

Front 11

thoracic (vertebrae), thorac/o

Back 11

spinal bone

Front 12

lumbar (vertebrae), lumb/o

Back 12

spinal bone

Front 13

sacrum (sacral vertebrae), sacr/o

Back 13

spinal bone

Front 14

coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae), coccyg/o

Back 14

spinal bone, tail bone

Front 15

clavicle, clavicul/o

Back 15

collarbone

Front 16

scapula, scapul/o

Back 16

shoulder blade

Front 17

humerus, humer/o

Back 17

upper arm bone

Front 18

radius, radi/o

Back 18

forearm bone

Front 19

ulna, uln/o

Back 19

forearm bone

Front 20

carpals, carp/o

Back 20

wrist bones

Front 21

metacarpals, metacarp/o

Back 21

bones of the hand

Front 22

phalanges, phalang/o

Back 22

bones of the fingers

Front 23

pelv/i

Back 23

pelvis

Front 24

ili/o

Back 24

ilium (pelvic bone)

Front 25

ischi/o

Back 25

ischium (pelvic bone)

Front 26

pub/o

Back 26

pubis (pelvic bone)

Front 27

femur, femor/o

Back 27

thigh bone

Front 28

patella, patell/o

Back 28

kneecap

Front 29

fibula, fibul/o

Back 29

lower leg bone

Front 30

tibia, tibi/o

Back 30

lower leg bone

Front 31

tarsals, tars/o

Back 31

ankle bones

Front 32

calcaneus, calcane/o

Back 32

heel bone

Front 33

metatarsals, metatars/o

Back 33

bones of the feet

Front 34

phalanges, phalang/o

Back 34

bones of the toes

Front 35

osteoid

Back 35

resembling bone

Front 36

calcification

Back 36

process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium

Front 37

decalcification

Back 37

loss of calcium

Front 38

cranial

Back 38

pertaining to the skull

Front 39

facial

Back 39

pertaining to your face

Front 40

rachiodynia, rachialgia

Back 40

painful spine

Front 41

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 41

spinal fluid, clear colorless liquid that circulates through the brain and spinal canal

Front 42

intervertebral

Back 42

between two adjoining vertebrae

Front 43

cervix

Back 43

(in the uterus somewhere) the combining form is cervic/o which could also mean the neck

Front 44

lumbago

Back 44

general term for a dull, aching pain in the lower back

Front 45

thoracolumbar

Back 45

refers to inferior thoracic vertebrae and superior lumbar vertebrae as a group

Front 46

sacral

Back 46

pertaining to the sacrum

Front 47

coccygeal

Back 47

pertaining to the tail bone

Front 48

myelitis

Back 48

inflammation of either the spinal cord or bone marrow

Front 49

myelofibrosis

Back 49

replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue

Front 50

osteomyelitis

Back 50

inflammation of the bone and the bone marrow

Front 51

myeloencephalitis

Back 51

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Front 52

thorax

Back 52

upper part of the trunk or cage of bone and cartilage and containing the principal organs of respiration and circulation and covering part of the abdominal organs

Front 53

sternal

Back 53

pertaining to the breastbone

Front 54

thoracic cage

Back 54

bony framework that surrounds the organ and soft tissues of the chest

- consists of the sternum, ribs, and vertebrae

Front 55

costal

Back 55

refers to the costae or ribs

Front 56

intercostal

Back 56

between the ribs

Front 57

subcostal

Back 57

below a rib or the ribs

Front 58

substernal

Back 58

indicates a location or position below the sternum

Front 59

sternocostal

Back 59

pertains to the sternum and the ribs

Front 60

vertebrocostal

Back 60

pertains to a rib and a vertebrae

Front 61

costovertebral

Back 61

pertaining to a rib

Front 62

sternoclavicular

Back 62

pertains to the clavicle and sternum

Front 63

clavicular

Back 63

pertains to the clavicle

Front 64

scapular

Back 64

refers to the scapula

Front 65

pelvic

Back 65

pertaining to the pelvis

Front 66

iliac

Back 66

refers to the ilium

Front 67

ischial

Back 67

refers to the ischium

Front 68

pubic

Back 68

pertaining to the pubis

Front 69

iliopubic

Back 69

refers to the ilium and the pubis

Front 70

ischiopubic

Back 70

pertaining to the ischium and the pubis

Front 71

ischiococcygeal

Back 71

pertaining to the ischium and coccyx

Front 72

humeroscapular

Back 72

refers to the humerus and scapula

Front 73

humeroulnar

Back 73

refers to both the humerus and the ulna

Front 74

ulnar

Back 74

pertaining to the ulna

Front 75

humeral

Back 75

pertaining to the humerus

Front 76

radial

Back 76

pertaining to the radius

Front 77

carpus

Back 77

wrist

Front 78

carpectomy

Back 78

excision of one or more bones of the wrist

Front 79

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 79

complex of symptoms resulting from pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist

Front 80

carpophalangeal

Back 80

refers to the wrists and bones of the phalanges

Front 81

phalanx

Back 81

singular of phalanges

Front 82

phalangitis

Back 82

inflammation of the bones of the fingers or toes

Front 83

ischiofemoral

Back 83

pertains to the ischium and the femur

Front 84

femoral

Back 84

pertaining to the femur

Front 85

patellofemoral

Back 85

refers to the patella or kneecap, and the femur

Front 86

tibialgia

Back 86

pain of the tibia

(also the tibia is larger than the fibula)

Front 87

tarsus

Back 87

ankle (contains 7 bones)

- also refers to a curved plate of dense tissue that forms the supporting structure of the eyelid

Front 88

ankyl/o

Back 88

stiff

Front 89

arthr/o

Back 89

articulation, joint

Front 90

-asthenia

Back 90

weakness

Front 91

burs/o

Back 91

bursa

Front 92

calc/i

Back 92

calcium

Front 93

cellul/o

Back 93

little cell or compartment

Front 94

chondr/o

Back 94

cartilage

Front 95

de-

Back 95

down, from, or reversing

Front 96

meta-

Back 96

change or next in a series

Front 97

-sarcoma

Back 97

malignant tumor of connective tissue

Front 98

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Back 98

tendon

Front 99

cartilage

Back 99

specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and can withstand considerable pressure or tension

Front 100

chondral

Back 100

pertaining to cartilage

Front 101

subchondral

Back 101

beneath the cartilage

Front 102

vertebrochondral

Back 102

pertaining to a vertebra and its adjacent cartilage

Front 103

costochondral, chondrocostal

Back 103

pertaining to a rib and its cartilage

Front 104

visceral, involuntary muscle

Back 104

smooth muscle found in the internal organs

Front 105

abductors

Back 105

muscle responsible for abduction

Front 106

adductors

Back 106

muscle responsible for adduction

Front 107

fascia

Back 107

fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles

Front 108

tendons

Back 108

bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones

Front 109

articulation

Back 109

place of union between two or more bones

Front 110

synovial joints

Back 110

joints that have cavities between articulating bones

Front 111

synonium

Back 111

synovial membrane

Front 112

bursae

Back 112

sacs of fluid located in ares of friction, especially in the joints

Front 113

extension

Back 113

straightens the limb

Front 114

flexion

Back 114

bends the limb

Front 115

rotation

Back 115

movement of a bone around its own axis

Front 116

circumduction

Back 116

circular movement at the far end

Front 117

ligaments

Back 117

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen bones

Front 118

fibromyalgia

Back 118

disorder characterized by widespread nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities, and face

Front 119

myofibrosis

Back 119

tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue

Front 120

myasthenia gravis

Back 120

characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses

Front 121

dislocation

Back 121

displacement of a bone from a joint

Front 122

fracture

Back 122

breaking of the bone usually from sudden injury

Front 123

sprain

Back 123

injury to a joint that causes pain and disability with the severity depending on the degree of injury to ligaments or tendons

Front 124

strain

Back 124

excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch

Front 125

myocele (fascial hernia)

Back 125

condition in which muscle protrudes through its fascial covering

Front 126

tendinitis (tendonitis)

Back 126

inflammation of a tendon

Front 127

herniated disk

Back 127

disks between vertebrae become diseased, sometimes rupture

Front 128

paraplegia

Back 128

paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs

Front 129

quadriplegia (tetraplegia)

Back 129

paralysis of arms and legs

Front 130

paresis

Back 130

motor weakness or partial paralysis

Front 131

paraparesis

Back 131

partial paralysis of the lower limbs

Front 132

quadriparesis (tetraparesis)

Back 132

affects all four extremities, motor weakness or partial paralysis

Front 133

cellulitis

Back 133

acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues

Front 134

myocellulitis

Back 134

cellulitis that also involves the muscle

Front 135

osteitis

Back 135

inflammation of the bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma

Front 136

osteochondritis

Back 136

inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming centers of skeleton

Front 137

sarcomas

Back 137

cancers that arise from connective tissue such as muscle or bone

Front 138

chondrosarcoma

Back 138

composed of masses of cartilage

Front 139

fibrosarcoma

Back 139

malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue

Front 140

leukemias

Back 140

chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors

- classified according to the predominant cell type and the severity of the disease

Front 141

Multiple myeloma

Back 141

disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow

Front 142

osteitis deformans (Paget disease)

Back 142

skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation

Front 143

osteomalacia

Back 143

reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone

Front 144

spondylomalacia

Back 144

softening of the vertebrae

Front 145

osteoporosis

Back 145

metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures

Front 146

spina bifida

Back 146

congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine

Front 147

scoliosis

Back 147

lateral curvature of the spine

Front 148

kyphosis

Back 148

exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back

Front 149

muscular dystrophy

Back 149

group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive disability and loss of strength

Front 150

craniocele

Back 150

hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull

Front 151

tarsoptosis

Back 151

flatfoot

Front 152

Arthritis

Back 152

any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement

Front 153

osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease, DJD)

Back 153

form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage

Front 154

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Back 154

chronic, systemic disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet

Front 155

rheumatism

Back 155

general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures

Front 156

spondylarthritis

Back 156

inflammation of a vertebra, arthritis of the spine

Front 157

rheumatoid spondylarthritis

Back 157

inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse

Front 158

ankylosis

Back 158

abnormal condition in which a joint is immobile and stiff

Front 159

Polyarthritis

Back 159

inflammation of more than one joint

Front 160

arthralgia, arthrodynia

Back 160

painful joint

Front 161

bursitis

Back 161

inflammation of a bursa, but does not necessarily include joint inflammation

Front 162

Lupus erythematosus (LE)

Back 162

autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue

Front 163

gout

Back 163

painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis

- hereditary

- characterized by inflammation of the joints

- results form hyperuricemia

Front 164

hyperuricemia

Back 164

excessive urates in the blood?

Front 165

arthroscopy

Back 165

direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope

Front 166

arthroscope

Back 166

special fiberoptic endoscope

Front 167

arthrotomy

Back 167

incision of a joint

Front 168

arthropathy

Back 168

any disease of a joint

Front 169

reduction

Back 169

pulling the broken fragments into alignment

Front 170

anti-osteoporotics

Back 170

drugs used to treat osteoporosis

Front 171

vertebroplasty

Back 171

cement-like substance is injected into the body of a fractured vertebra to stabilize and strengthen it and immediately remove pain

Front 172

bunionectomy

Back 172

excision of a bunion

Front 173

ostectomy (osteectomy)

Back 173

excision of a bone

Front 174

costectomy

Back 174

excision of a rib

Front 175

craniotomy

Back 175

incision into the skull

Front 176

craniectomy

Back 176

excision of a segment of the sull

Front 177

cranioplasty

Back 177

plastic surgery to repair the skull

Front 178

chondrectomy

Back 178

excision of cartilage

Front 179

tendoplasty

Back 179

surgical repair of tendon

Front 180

myoplasty

Back 180

surgical repair of muscle

Front 181

tenomyoplasty

Back 181

surgical repair of tendon and muscle

Front 182

laminectomy

Back 182

surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebra to permit surgical access to the disk so that the herniated material can be removed

Front 183

diskectomy

Back 183

complete excision of an intervertebral disk

Front 184

antiinflammatories

Back 184

used to reduce inflammation and pain, especially drugs classified as nonsteroidal antiiflammatory drugs (NASAIDs)

- examples: aspirin, ibuprofen

Front 185

antiarthritics

Back 185

various forms of therapy that relieve the symptoms of arthritis

Front 186

arthrocentesis

Back 186

extraction of excessive fluid which can accumulate in a synovial joint after injury

Front 187

arthroplasty

Back 187

any surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

Front 188

myelosuppression

Back 188

bone marrow destruction?

- cancer treatment often induces this condition