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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MICROBIAL GROWTH
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INCREASE IN NUMBER OF CELLS NOT CELL SIZE
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MINIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE
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LOWEST TEMP SPECIES WILL GROW
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OPTIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE
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BEST TEMP SPECIES WILL GROW
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MAXIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE
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HIGHEST TEMP SPECIES WILL GROW
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PSYCHOPHILES
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COLD LOVING OPTIMUM TEMP=15C
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PSYCHROTROPHS
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COLDISH LOVING MICROBES OPTIMUM TEMP = 20-30C
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MESOPHILES
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MODERATE TEMP MICROBES OPT TEMP = 25-40C
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THERMOPHILES
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HEAT LOVING MICROBES OPT = 50-60C
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HYPERTHERMOPHILES
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ACHAEAN EXTREME HEAT LOVING OPT= 80+C MAX 110C
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PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL GROWTH
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TEMPERATURE, pH, OSMOTIC PRESSURE
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OPTIMAL pH
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BACTERIA = 6.5-7.5 MOLD/YEAST = 5-6
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ACIDOPHILES
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LOVE VERY ACIDIC ENVIRONMENTS
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HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
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HIGH SOLUTE ENVIRONMENT, WATER MOVES OUT OF CELL
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PLASMOLYSIS
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SHRINKAGE OF CELL'S CYTOPLASM
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OBLIGATE HALOPHILES
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REQUIRE HIGH SALT ENVIRONMENTS
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EXTREME HALOPHILES
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LIKE SUPER HIGH SALT ENVIRONMENTS
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FACULTATIVE HALOPHILE
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DO NOT REQUIRE HIGH SALT, CAN GROW IN UP TO 2%
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HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
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LOW SOLUTE ENVIRONMENT, WATER MOVES INTO CELL
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CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL GROWTH
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CARBON, NITROGEN, SULFUR, PHOSPHORUS, TRACE ELEMENTS, OXYGEN
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TRACE ELEMENTS
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INORGANIC ELEMENTS (CELLS CANNOT MAKE) REQUIRED IN SMALL AMOUNTS
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OBLIGATE AEROBES
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REQUIRE OXYGEN
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FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
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CAN USE OXYGEN BUT DOESN'T HAVE TO
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OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
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NOT ABLE TO GROW WHEN OXYGEN IS PRESENT
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AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
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CANNOT USE OXYGEN FOR GROWTH BUT CAN SURVIVE IN IT
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SINGLET OXYGEN
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O2 BOOSTED TO HIGHER ENERGY STATE EXTREMELY REACTIVE
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SUPEROXIDE FREE RADICALS
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UNPAIRED ELECTRON MAKE IT UNSTABLE
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SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE
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ENZYMES THAT NEUTRALIZE FREE RADICALS TO PRODUCE H2O2
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PEROXIDE ANION
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TOXIC FORM OF O2 = O2-2
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HYDROXYL RADICAL
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OH WITH UNPAIRED ELECTRON, MOST REACTIVE, FORMED BY RADIATION
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MICROAEROPHILES
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REQUIRE LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF OXYGEN TO GROW
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ORGANIC GROWTH FACTORS
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THINGS NEEDED BUT CELL CANNOT MAKE - VITAMINS, ETC
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TYPES OF TRACE ELEMENTS
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IRON COPPER MOLYBDENUM ZINC MAGNESIUM
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TYPES OF ORGANIC GROWTH FACTORS
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VITAMINS, SOME AMINO AND FATTY ACIDS, PURINES, PYRIMIDINES
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CULTURE MEDIUM
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FOOD FOR MICROBES
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STERILE
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NO LIVING MICROBES (STEAM STERILIZATION)
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INOCULUMS
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INTRODUCTION OF MICROBES INTO MEDIUM
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CULTURE
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MICROBES GROWING IN/ON CULTURE MEDIUM
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AGAR
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COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDE SOLID AT 40-100C
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CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIA
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EXACT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IS KNOWN
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FASTIDIOUS
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PICKY EATERS, REQUIRE MANY GROWTH FACTORS
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AUTOTROPHIC
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BACTERIA THAT USES CO2 AS THE CARBON SOURCE
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PEPTONE
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COMPLEX MEDIA WITH CARBON, NITROGEN & SULFUR
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HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA
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BACTERIA THAT REQUIRES ORGANIC CARBON SOURCE
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NUTRIENT BROTH
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LIQUID COMPLEX MEDIA
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NUTRIENT AGAR
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SOLID COMPLEX MEDIA
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REDUCING MEDIA
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CONTAIN CHEMICALS/USED OF HEAT TO REMOVE O2
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CANPNOPHILES
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REQUIRE HIGH CO2 CONCENTRATIONS TO GROW
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SELECTIVE MEDIA
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HALTS OF INHIBITS GROWN OF SOME WITHOUT HARMING OTHERS
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DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
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PROVIDES VISUAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUPS OF ORGANISMS
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EOSIN METHYLEN BLUE
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SELECTIVE AGAINST G+ BACTERIA, DIFFERENTIAL ON BASIS OF LACTOSE
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ENRICHMENT MEDIA
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SPECIALLY DESIGNED MEDIA TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS
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PURE CULTURE
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ONLY ONE SPECIES OF MICROBES
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COLONY
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POPULATION OF CELLS DERIVED FROM A SINGLE CELL
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COLONY FORMING UNIT
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MORE ACCURATE NAME FOR A COLONY
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STREAK PLATE METHOD
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STREAKING FOR ISOLATION
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DEEP--FREEZING
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CULTURE PRESERVATION IN LIQUID AT -50 TO -95C
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LYOPHILIZATION
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FREEZE DRYING - FROZEN AT -54 TO -72C AND THEN SUBLIMED
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SUBLIMATION
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SOMETHING FROZEN DEHYDRATED WHILE IN A VACUUM
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BINARY FISSION
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CELL DIVIDES INTO TWO IDENTICAL CELLS
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BUDDING
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OUTGROWTH THAT ENLARGES AND THEN BREAKS FROM PARENT CELL
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BACTERIAL GENERATION TIME
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TIME REQUIRE FOR CELL TO DIVIDE/COLONY TO DOUBLE
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LOGARITHMIC REPRESENTATION OF BACTERIAL POPULATIONS
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LOG 10 X 2 TO THE POWER OF GENERATION TIME
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LAG PHASE
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NO GROWTH ADJUSTMENT TO MEDIA PHASE
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LOG PHASE
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EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE
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STATIONARY PHASE
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DEATH = NEW GROWTH PHASE
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DEATH PHASE
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POPULATION DIES OFF B/C WASTE PRODUCTS, pH CHANGE, ETC
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DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF MICROBIAL GROWTH
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PLATE COUNT, FILTRATION, MPN TEST, MICROSCOPIC COUNT
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SERIAL DILUTIONS
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MULTIPLE DILUTIONS UNTIL POUR/SPREAD TEST IS COUNTABLE
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PLATE COUNTS
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PHYSICAL COUNTING OF 25-250 COLONIES
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POUR PLATE METHODS
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POUR SAMPLE INTO LIQUID AGAR, LET IT SET AND COUNT
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SPREAD PLATE METHOD
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POUR SAMPLE ONTO PLATE AND SPREAD AROUND
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FILTRATION
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FILTER LIQUID AND PLACE FILTER ON PLATE TO GROW
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MOST PROBABLE NUMBER TEST
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COUNT POSITIVE DILATION TUBES AND COMPARE TO STATISTICAL TABLE
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DIRECT MICROSCOPIC COUNT
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COUNT MEASURED SAMPLE UNDER MICROSCOPE
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INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF MICROBIAL GROWTH
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TURBIDITY, METABOLIC ACTIVITY & DRY WEIGHT
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TURBIDITY
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MEASURE USE OF LIGHT PASSING THROUGH
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METABOLIC ACTIVITY
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FIGURE COUNT BASED ON PROPORTIONAL METABOLIC PRODUCTS
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DRY WEIGHT
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FILTERED DEHYDRATED AND WEIGHED SAMPLE (FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA/MOLDS)
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SPECTROPHOTOMETER
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INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE TURBIDITY
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TOXIC FORMS OF OXYGEN
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SINGLET, SUPEROXIDE FREE RADICALS, PEROXIDE ANION, HYDROXYL RADICAL
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PROCESS FOR STREAKING FOR ISOLATION
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USE OF INOCULATING LOOP SPREAD IN A PATTERN ISOLATE COLONY
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HOW TO PRESERVE CULTURES
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REFRIGERATION, DEEP-FREEZING, LYOPHILIZATION
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