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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 factors that influence microbial growth
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1. Physical
2. Environmental 3. Chemical 4. Nutritional |
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Microbes may adapt to the point of no return and can't survive anywhere else
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Microbes may adapt to the point of no return and can't survive anywhere else
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~30 degrees Celsius
optimum closer to max than min |
Min and max temperature range
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Psychrophiles
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1. Optimum temperature: ~15 degrees Celsius
2. Cold loving (list cell adaptations here) |
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Psychrotrophs
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Optimum temperature: ~25 degrees Celsius
(adaptations) |
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Mesophiles
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1. Optimum temperature: ~37 degrees Celsius
2. Moderate temperature loving 3. Mostly human pathogen |
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Thermophiles
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1. Optimum temperature: ~60 degrees Celsius
2. Heat loving 3. Enzymes not denature by excessive heat |
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Hyperthermophiles
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1. Optimum temperature: above 70 degrees Celsius
2. Extreme Thermophiles 3. Usually Archaea |
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Neutrophiles
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Most microbes with a pH of 6.5 - 7.5
Optimum pH of most bacteria is 7 |
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Helicobactor pylori
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1. Acid tolerant bacteria
2. causes stomach ulcers 3. enzymes neutralize acid |
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fungi
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1. Grow in a wider pH range
2. Usually responsible for spoilage of acidic foods |
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Acidophiles
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Optimum pH is below 5.5
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Sulfolobus
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Archaea from acidic hot springs
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Lactobacillus
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Bacteria that produces lactic acid
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Thiobacillus
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Bacteria that produces sulfuric acid
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Alkalophiles
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Optimum pH above 8.0
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Adaptations for osmotic pressure
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1. Inclusion bodies
2. Compatible solutes 3. Stretch receptors |
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Facultative halophiles
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1. Tolerate high solute concentrations
2. Fungi tend to be more tolerant than others |
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Obligate halophiles
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1. Require high solute concentrations
2. Most marine microbes |
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Extreme halophiles
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1. Require excessively high solute concentrations
2. Salt flats of Utah and Dead Sea 3. Mostly archaea |