Chapter 6 Med Terms

Front 1

blast/o or -blast

Back 1

germ or bud

Front 2

chrom/o

Back 2

color

Front 3

chromat/o

Back 3

color

Front 4

chyl/o

Back 4

juice

Front 5

cyt/o

Back 5

cell

Front 6

hem/o

Back 6

blood

Front 7

hemat/o

Back 7

blood

Front 8

immun/o

Back 8

safe

Front 9

lymph/o

Back 9

clear fluid

Front 10

morph/o

Back 10

form

Front 11

myel/o

Back 11

bone marrow or spinal cord

Front 12

phag/o

Back 12

eat or swallow

Front 13

plas/o

Back 13

formation

Front 14

reticul/o

Back 14

a net

Front 15

splen/o

Back 15

spleen

Front 16

thromb/o

Back 16

clot

Front 17

thym/o

Back 17

thymus gland

Front 18

plasma

Back 18

liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water, proteins, and cellular components (ie:leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets)

Front 19

serum

Back 19

liquid portion of blood that remains after clotting

Front 20

erythrocyte

Back 20

red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 21

hemogrlobin

Back 21

the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 22

leukocyte

Back 22

white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances

Front 23

granulocytes

Back 23

group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm

Front 24

neutrophil

Back 24

granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules; fights infection by swalling bacteria (phagocytosis)

Front 25

PMN

Back 25

polymorphonuclear leukocyte= another term for neutrophil, referring to many segments in its nucleus

Front 26

eosinophil

Back 26

granular leukocyte, named for the rose-colored stain of its granules; increases in allergic and some infectious reactions

Front 27

basophil

Back 27

granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues

Front 28

agranulocytes

Back 28

group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei

Front 29

lymphocyte

Back 29

agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity; the three categories of lymphocytes are T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells

Front 30

monocyte

Back 30

agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection

Front 31

platelets

Back 31

thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation)

Front 32

thymus

Back 32

primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the body's immune response by producing T lymphocytes

Front 33

spleen

Back 33

organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphcytes to initate immune response

Front 34

lymph

Back 34

fluid circulated through the lymph vessels

Front 35

lymph capillaries

Back 35

microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels

Front 36

lymph vessels

Back 36

vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes

Front 37

lacteals

Back 37

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream (lacteus=milky)

Front 38

chyle

Back 38

white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals

Front 39

lymph nodes

Back 39

many small oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

Front 40

lymph ducts

Back 40

collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins

Front 41

right lymphatic duct

Back 41

receives lymph from the right upper part of the body

Front 42

thoracic duct

Back 42

receives lymph from the left side of the hea,d neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

Front 43

immunity

Back 43

process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen

Front 44

antigen

Back 44

substance that causes formation of antibodies against it when introduced to the body

Front 45

antibody

Back 45

substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

Front 46

active immunity

Back 46

a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to an infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine

Front 47

passive immunity

Back 47

a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies

Front 48

microcytosis

Back 48

presence of small RBC

Front 49

macrocytosis

Back 49

presence of large RBC

Front 50

anisocytosis

Back 50

presence of RBC of unequal size

Front 51

poikilocytosis

Back 51

presence of large, irregularly shaped RBC

Front 52

reticulocytosis

Back 52

an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood

Front 53

erythropenia

Back 53

an abnormally reduced number of RBC

Front 54

lymphocytopenia

Back 54

abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes

Front 55

neutropenia

Back 55

decreased number of neutrophils

Front 56

pancytopenia

Back 56

abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood

Front 57

thrombocytopenia

Back 57

abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process

Front 58

hemolysis

Back 58

breakdown of the RBC membrane

Front 59

immunocompromised

Back 59

impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosupressive agents

Front 60

immunosupression

Back 60

impaired ability to provide an immune response

Front 61

lymphadenopathy

Back 61

enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes

Front 62

splenomegaly

Back 62

enlargement of the spleen

Front 63

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Back 63

syndrome caused by HIV that reders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood

Front 64

anemia

Back 64

condition of reduced numbers of RBC, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a dminished ability of RBC to transport oxygen to the tissues

Front 65

aplastic anemia

Back 65

normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by failure of bone marrow to produce RBC

Front 66

iron deficiency anemia

Back 66

microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small RBC and containing low amounts of hemoglobin

Front 67

pernicioius anemia

Back 67

macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by inadequate vitamin B12, causing RBC to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number

Front 68

autoimmune disease

Back 68

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; ie: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Front 69

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 69

disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing RBC destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

Front 70

Rh factor

Back 70

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of RBC which cuases a reaction between Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood

Front 71

Rh positive

Back 71

presence of antigens

Front 72

Rh negative

Back 72

absence of antigens

Front 73

hemochromatosis

Back 73

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildupof iron deposits in the body

Front 74

hemophilia

Back 74

group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

Front 75

leukemia

Back 75

chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow

Front 76

myelodysplasia

Back 76

disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usu develops into a specific type of leukemia

Front 77

lymphoma

Back 77

any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant or in Hodgkin disease

Front 78

metastasis

Back 78

process by which cancer cellls are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the plural form, metastases, indicates spreading to two or more distant sites

Front 79

mononucleosis

Back 79

condition caused by Epstein- Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

Front 80

polycythemia

Back 80

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

Front 81

septicemia

Back 81

systemic disease cuased by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood

Front 82

phlebotomy

Back 82

incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing

Front 83

venipuncture

Back 83

incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing

Front 84

blood chemistry

Back 84

test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the amount of the chemical constitues (ie: glucose, cholesterol blood panels)

Front 85

blood chemistry panels

Back 85

sepcialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to taret specific organs or conditions

Front 86

basic metabolic panel (BMP)

Back 86

battery of tests used as a general screen for the disease; includes tests for calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Front 87

comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

Back 87

tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening: albumin, bilirubin, alkalline phosphatase, protein, alanine aminotrasnferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Front 88

blood culture

Back 88

test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment tha tencourages the growth of microorganisms; the specific is observed and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified

Front 89

CD4 cell count

Back 89

a measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood; used in the monitoring the course of HIV and in timing the treatment of AIDS; normal adult range: 600-1500 cells in given blood volume

Front 90

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Back 90

timed test that measures the rate at which RBC settle through a volume of plasma

Front 91

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Back 91

test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders

Front 92

thromboplastin

Back 92

substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation

Front 93

prothrombin time (PT)

Back 93

test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood

Front 94

prothrombin

Back 94

protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process

Front 95

complete blood count (CBC)

Back 95

common lab blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the component test that follow; test results are usu reported along with normal values for interpretation based on instrumentation used, ranges may also vary depending on region and climate

Front 96

white blood count (WBC)

Back 96

count of number of WBC in given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated lab methods

Front 97

red blood count (RBC)

Back 97

count of number of RBC in given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated laboratory methods

Front 98

hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)

Back 98

test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (espressed in grams)

Front 99

hematocrit (HCT or Hct)

Back 99

measurement of the percentage of packed RBC in given volume of blood

Front 100

blood indices

Back 100

calculations of RBC, HGB and HCT results to determine the avg size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of RBC to classify an anemia

Front 101

mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV)

Back 101

calculation of the volume (size) of individual RBC using HCT and RBC results: MCV= HCT/RBC (corpuscular pertains to blood cell)

Front 102

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin (MCH)

Back 102

calculation of the content (weight) of hemoglobin in the average RBC using HGB and RBC results: MCH= HGB/RBC

Front 103

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Back 103

calculation of the avg hemoglobin concentration in each RBC using HGB and HCT results: MCHC= HGB/HCT

Front 104

differential count

Back 104

determination of the number of each type of WBC in a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of total examined (see 293 for normal ranges)

Front 105

red cell morphology

Back 105

as part of identifying and counting the WBC, the condition, size, and shape of RBC in the background of the smeared slide are noted (eg anisocytosis, poikilocytosis)

Front 106

platelet count (PLT)

Back 106

calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the normal adult range is 150,000-450,000 platelets in a given volume of blood

Front 107

bone marrow aspiration

Back 107

needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination

Front 108

bone marrow biopsy

Back 108

pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue

Front 109

lymphangiogram

Back 109

an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium

Front 110

computed tomography (CT)

Back 110

full body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma

Front 111

positron-emission tomography (PET)

Back 111

scanning technique combining nuclear medicine and CT technology to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluated lymphoma

Front 112

bone marrow transplant

Back 112

transplatation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production

Front 113

lymphadenectomy

Back 113

removal of a lymph node

Front 114

lymphadenotomy

Back 114

incision into a lymph node

Front 115

lymph node dissection

Back 115

removal of a possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathologic examination

Front 116

splenectomy

Back 116

removal of the spleen

Front 117

thymectomy

Back 117

removal of the thymus gland

Front 118

blood transfusion

Back 118

introduction of blood productions into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner

Front 119

autologous blood

Back 119

blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal use

Front 120

homologous blood

Back 120

blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient

Front 121

blood component therapy

Back 121

transfusion of a specific blood component, such as packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma

Front 122

cross-matching

Back 122

method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility

Front 123

chemotherapy

Back 123

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce

Front 124

immunotherapy

Back 124

use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms, as seen in the treatment of AIDS, cancer, or allergy

Front 125

plasmapheresis

Back 125

removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements followed by reinfusion (apheresis= a withdrawal)

Front 126

COMMON THERAPEUTIC DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS

Front 127

anticoagulant

Back 127

drug that prevents blood clotting

Front 128

hemostatic

Back 128

drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels

Front 129

vasconstrictor

Back 129

drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby decreasing blood flow

Front 130

vasodilator

Back 130

drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow

Front 131

AIDS

Back 131

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Front 132

ALT

Back 132

alanine aminotransferase (enz)

Front 133

AST

Back 133

aspartate aminotransferase (enz)

Front 134

BMP

Back 134

basic metabolic panel

Front 135

BUN

Back 135

blood urea nitrogen

Front 136

CBC

Back 136

complete blood count

Front 137

CMP

Back 137

comprehensive metabolic panel

Front 138

CO2

Back 138

carbon dioxide

Front 139

CT

Back 139

computed tomography

Front 140

ESR

Back 140

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Front 141

HCT or Hct

Back 141

hematocrit

Front 142

HGB or Hgb

Back 142

hemoglobin

Front 143

HIV

Back 143

human immunodeficiency virus

Front 144

MCH

Back 144

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin

Front 145

MCHC

Back 145

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration

Front 146

MCV

Back 146

mean corpuscular (cell) volume

Front 147

NK

Back 147

natural killer (cell)

Front 148

PET

Back 148

positron-emission tomography

Front 149

PLT

Back 149

platelet count

Front 150

PMN

Back 150

polymorphonuclear (leukocyte)

Front 151

PT

Back 151

prothrombin time

Front 152

PTT

Back 152

partial thromboplastin time

Front 153

RBC

Back 153

red blood cell; red blood count

Front 154

WBC

Back 154

white blood cell, white blood count