Chapter 6: Integumentary System

Front 1

serous membranes

Back 1

double layer epithelial membrane that is closed to the exterior, lines the walls or cavities that surround the viscera and cover the viscera.

Front 2

parietal layer

Back 2

outer serous epithelial membrane that lines the walls or cavities, folds back on itself to form the visceral layer.

Front 3

visceral layer

Back 3

inner serous epithelial membrane that lines the visceral

Front 4

serous fluid

Back 4

fluid between the parietal layer when it folds on itself, lubricant prevents the viscera from sticking to the cavity

Front 5

pericardium

Back 5

heart, parietal and visceral, serous membrane

Front 6

peritoneum

Back 6

abdominal region, parietal and visceral, serous membrane

Front 7

pleural

Back 7

lungs, parietal and visceral, serous membrane

Front 8

mucous membranes

Back 8

epithelial membrane that is exposed to the outside, secretes a substance that aids to absorbs or trap particles

Front 9

cutaneous membrane

Back 9

epithelial membrane pertaining to the skin

Front 10

connective membrane

Back 10

synovial membranes found in synovial joints

Front 11

covering

Back 11

characteristic of skin that is the mechanical barrier for the body between the internal environment from the external environment

Front 12

temperature regulator

Back 12

characteristic of skin that aids the body for maintaining optimal body temperature for homeostatic balances

Front 13

provides protection

Back 13

characteristic of skin that absorbs harmful rays such as UV rays

Front 14

prevents water loss

Back 14

characteristic of skin that contains proteins and lipids that lock moisture inside of the body

Front 15

houses sensory receptors

Back 15

characteristic of skin that possesses specialized nerve endings and general free nerve endings to provide information about the environment

Front 16

excretes wastes

Back 16

characteristic of skin that aids to remove metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes through pores of the skin

Front 17

synthesizes chemicals

Back 17

characteristic of the skin that aids the body to absorb calcium by synthesizing vitamin D

Front 18

epidermis

Back 18

top region of the skin that consists of stratified squamous cells and specialized cells, lacks blood vessels

Front 19

basal strata

Back 19

deepest epidermal layer that touches the basement membrane, only layer that is vascular due the blood vessels in the dermal region and is able to undergo mitosis to create new epidermal cells

Front 20

melanocytes

Back 20

specialized cells that are located int he basal strata with extension that invade in the other layers of the epidermis, produces melanin which helps contribute to skin color and absorbs harmful rays to protect the body

Front 21

spinosum strata

Back 21

epidermal layer right above the basal strata that contains the newly divided cells

Front 22

granulosum strata

Back 22

epidermal layer above the spinosum strata that consists of cells that are starting to die since the epidermis has no blood vessels, granules start to appear and be visible in the cytoplasm

Front 23

avascular

Back 23

no blood vessels

Front 24

corneum strata

Back 24

epidermal top layers that has dead cells containing keratin

Front 25

keratin

Back 25

protein that serves to prevent water loss from the skin

Front 26

lucidum strata

Back 26

epidermal layer that is only present in the thicker parts of the skin such as the soles of feet and palms of hands, it is between the granulosum and corneum and causes the corneum to become thicker

Front 27

dermis

Back 27

intermediate region of the skin that consists of loose connective tissue and accessory structures of the skin such as hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, blood vessels, nerve fibers, sensory fibers, collagen, elastic fibers

Front 28

papillary region

Back 28

superior region of the dermis and binds to the basement membrane of the epidermis, contains free nerve endings that radiate into the epidermis to detect all types of stimuli

Front 29

dermal papillae

Back 29

in papillary region of dermis that is the uneven edge of the dermis that connects to the basement membrane

Front 30

meissner's corpuscle

Back 30

in the papillary region of dermis, a modified nerve ending that detects light touch.

Front 31

reticular region

Back 31

inferior region of the dermis that contains most of the accessory structure of the skin, contains the modified nerve endings call pacinian corpuscle

Front 32

pacinian corpuscle

Back 32

modified nerve ending in the reticular region of dermis, detects mechanical or heavy pressure

Front 33

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Back 33

deepest region of skin below the dermis that contains the loose connective tissue, insulating adipose tissue, and major blood vessels. it binds the skin to underlying organs

Front 34

skin color determinants

Back 34

hemoglobin, genetics, environmental, physiological

Front 35

genetic factor

Back 35

skin color determinant that melanin size and color is determined and controlled by genes

Front 36

environmental factor

Back 36

skin color determinant that outside factors such as sun exposure, diet, and light exposure from X-rays can affect the melanin production and pigments from vegetables such as beta carotene can be displayed on the skin

Front 37

physiological factor

Back 37

skin color determinant that circulation in the dermal blood vessels and whether or not the blood vessels dilate or constrict and temporarily affect skin tone

Front 38

hair follicle

Back 38

accessory structure of the skin that has a growing region called the hair bulb or hair root, located in reticular region of dermis, provides warmth and protection, color is determined by melanin

Front 39

arrector pili

Back 39

dermal muscle attached to the hair follicle and moves the hair follicle

Front 40

sebum

Back 40

oily substance produced by the sebaceous gland that is lateral to the hair follicle, makes the hair shaft and skin soft and pliable as well as waterproof, decreases the pH value of the skin in order to reduce the microbes on the skin

Front 41

sweat glands

Back 41

removes excessive heat, wastes, and inhibit microbes

Front 42

sweat

Back 42

water, metabolic wastes, and electrolytes

Front 43

eccrine sweat gland

Back 43

small glands that are widespread and responds to heat and stress

Front 44

apocrine sweat gland

Back 44

large glands usually attached to hair follicles, located in the auxiliary and groin regions, responds to heat, stress, emotional/sexual arousal.

Front 45

ceruminous gland

Back 45

modified sweat gland that is located in the ear canal, produces wax to trap particles in the ear canal

Front 46

mammary glands

Back 46

modified sweat gland located in the thoracic region and produce milk

Front 47

regulation of body temperature

Back 47

vital for maintaining metabolic reactions

Front 48

excessive heat exposure

Back 48

sweat glands activated to remove excess heat and moisture to the surface of the skin, dermal blood vessels dilate to increase amount of heat escaping the skin

Front 49

excessive cooling exposure

Back 49

sweat gland deactivated, dermal blood vessels constrict to keep heat close to body, arrector pili muscles contract to generate heat and cause hair follicle to stand straight to trap heat to the surface of the skin

Front 50

first degree burn (partial burn)

Back 50

injury to epidermis, example is sunburn

Front 51

second degree burn (partial burn)

Back 51

injury to the epidermis and dermis, example is cooking burn

Front 52

third degree burn (full thickness burn)

Back 52

injury to all three regions of skin

Front 53

rule of nine

Back 53

method of calculating how much body fluid and electrolytes are lost due to the burn

Front 54

lacerations

Back 54

cuts to the skin

Front 55

basal cell carcinoma

Back 55

cancer induced by chronic sun exposure and that occurs when some of the basal strata cells become cancerous, elevated and fluid filled lesions and tumor cells invade the dermis but does not metastasize

Front 56

squamosal carcinoma

Back 56

cancer induced by chronic sun exposure and affects the spinosum strata of the skin, flat and scaly lesions, can spread to lymph nodes

Front 57

melanoma

Back 57

cancer induced by intense exposure to the sun and damages the melanocytes