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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mind = Computer |
Hardware - Brain and nervous system Software - mental rules and strategies |
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Information Processing Studies: |
Flow of information -Input -> output -Mental operations in between |
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Components of the memory System |
-Sensory Memory -Working memory -Long-term memory |
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Sensory memory |
-Receives all available information (Sight, sound) -Held in raw form until identified -If attended to, pass on through system -Sensations overlap |
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Icon |
A fleeting mental image or visual representation |
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Echo |
After a sound is heard, a brief continuation of the sound in the auditory system |
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Sensory memory in infants |
Recognize mother's face compared to strangers face -Tested with sucking -suck = next image -stop sucking when see mom |
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Working Memory |
Capacity to retain information for seconds or minutes -Use info to plan,perform a task/solve problem |
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Working memory in Children |
Tested using a delayed response task -Show to objects, one that is new and one that is old |
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Long-Term Memory (Explicit) |
Declarative -Facts, knowledge, events -includes autobiographical memory Starts devel. at around 18 months, done at 5 |
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Long-Term Memory (Implicit) |
Non-declarative and procedural Begins devel at birth, done at 5 |
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Types of long-term memory |
-Semantic -Episodic memory -Declarative -Procedural |
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Semantic (LTM) |
Store of general factual knowledge about the world |
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Episodic Memory |
Store of past experiences (Could be from another source) |
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Declarative memory |
Knowing what |
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Procedural memory |
Knowing how |
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Autobiographical Memory |
-Specific type of episodic memory -Emerges w/language development and sense of self -Facts about the self -Memory of past experiences |
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What do people remember? |
20-30 highest memory before 70 -Many things happening |
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What do people have infantile amnesia? (Rubin et al) |
-Immature memory systems in brain -Lack of language to structure memories -Repression |
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Processing Capacity (Changes) |
-Reaches adult-like levels by 12 -Children cannot cope w/as much information as adults; capacity increases w/age |
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Speed of Processing (Changes) |
-Reaches adult-like levels by 12 -Kids do get faster w/age |
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Changes in Hardware |
Processing capacity increases w/age Speed of processing increases w/age Efficiency of processing Increases w/age |
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Information Processing |
-Depends on strategies -Goal oriented operations -Help recall and contribute to memory development -Ex: Rehearsal, chinking, etc |
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Strategies in Children |
-Variability vs Consistency -Multiple vs. Single Use -Attention vs Distraction -Impact of social and culture (Peers/adults) |
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Attention vs. Distraction EX |
Doors + Animals -Non-animals behind some doors -Only remember order of animals |
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Impact of Social and Culture EX |
Positive reinforcement causes repeated strategy behavior -Negative decreases that strategy behavior |
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Knowledge |
-Memory Recall -Aided by increased knowledge and organization -Need both to help form strong associations |
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Metamemory |
Aspect of meta cognition -One's knowledge about memory and memory processes -Increases w/age -Contributes to development and individual differences in memory |
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Selective Attention Process |
Information not attended to will be lost (~20s) -Children < 7 bad at ignoring irrelevant info |
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Inhibition |
Children are increasingly able to inhibit irrelevant information of any kind -Can't leave this info out of working memory |
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Fuzzy Trace Theory |
We work at getting the gist of a problem, rather than a verbatim representation -Young children tend towards verbatim -Older, not so much |
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Production System |
Other model of cognitive processing -Models problem solving w/a series of if-then rules -Recognizes rule, acts accordingly (Turn on heat if <62 degress) |
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Connectionist |
Other model of cognitive processing -Parallel circuits are activated at different strengths -Connect to other units -Continuous activation = stronger connection |
