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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ankyl/o
|
crooked or stiff
|
|
arthr/o
articul/o |
joint (articulation)
|
|
brachi/o
|
arm
|
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cervic/o
|
neck
|
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chondr/o
|
cartilage
(gristle) |
|
cost/o
|
rib
|
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crani/o
|
skull
|
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dactyl/o
|
digit
(finger or toe) |
|
fasci/o
|
fascia
(a band) |
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femor/o
|
femur
|
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fibr/o
|
fiber
|
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kyph/o
|
humpback
|
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lei/o
|
smooth
|
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lord/o
|
bent
|
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lumb/o
|
loin
(lower back) |
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myel/o
|
bone marrow
spinal cord |
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my/o
myos/o muscul/o |
muscle
|
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oste/o
|
bone
|
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patell/o
|
knee cap
|
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pelv/i
pelv/o |
hip bone or pelvic cavity
|
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radi/o
|
radius
|
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rhabd/o
|
rod shaped
striated (skeletal) |
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sarc/o
|
flesh
|
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scoli/o
|
twisted
|
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spondyl/o
vertebr/o |
vertebra
|
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stern/o
|
sternum (breastbone)
|
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ten/o
tend/o tendin/o |
tendon (to stretch)
|
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thorac/o
|
chest
|
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ton/o
|
tone or tension
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uln/o
|
ulna
|
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appendicular skeleton
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bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
|
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axial skeleton
|
bones of skull, vertebral column, chest and hyoid bone
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bone
|
specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton
|
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compact bone
|
tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
|
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spongy (cancellous) bone
|
mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run
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long bones
|
bones of arms and legs
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short bones
|
bones of wrist and ankles
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flat bones
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bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
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irregular bones
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bones of vertebrae
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sesamoid bones
|
round bones found near joints
|
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epiphysis
|
wide ends of a long bone
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diaphysis
|
shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
|
growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
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endosteum
|
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
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medullary cavity
|
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
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bone marrow
|
soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones
|
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red bone marrow
|
found in cavities of most bones in infants
functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets in adults, found most often in the flat bones |
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yellow bone marrow
|
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue, and is inactive in formation of blood cells
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periosteum
|
a fibrous, vascular membrance that covers the bone
|
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articular cartilage
|
a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate
|
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articulation
|
a joint
the point where two bones come together |
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bursa
|
a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that in lines with a synovial membrance that secretes synovial fluid
|
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disk
disc |
a flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction
|
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nucleus pulposus
|
the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk
|
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ligament
|
a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
|
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synovial membrane
|
membrance lining the capsule of a joint
|
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synovial fluid
|
lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
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muscle
|
tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
|
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striated (skeletal) muscle
|
voluntary striated muscle attached to the skeleton
|
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smooth muscle
|
involuntary muscle found in internal organs
|
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cardiac muscle
|
muscle of the heart
|
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origin of a muscle
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muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
|
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insertion of a muscle
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muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
|
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tendon
|
a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
|
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fascia
|
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
|
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coronal (frontal) plane
|
vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
|
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sagittal plane
|
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
|
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transverse plane
|
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
|
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anterior (A)
(ventral) |
front of the body
|
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posterior (P)
(dorsal) |
back of the body
|
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anterior-posterior (AP)
|
from front to back; commonly associated with the direction of an x-ray beam
|
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posterior-anterior (PA)
|
from back to front; commonly associated with the direction of an x-ray beam
|
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superior (cephalic)
|
situated above another structure, toward the head
|
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inferior (caudal)
|
situated below another structure, away from the head
|
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proximal
|
toward the beginning or origin of a structure
|
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distal
|
away from the beginning or origin of a structure
|
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medial
|
toward the middle (midline)
|
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lateral
|
toward the side
|
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axis
|
line that runs through the center of the body or a body part
|
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erect
|
normal standing position
|
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decubitus
|
lying down, especially in bed
|
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prone
|
lying face down and flat
|
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recumbent
|
lying down
|
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supine
|
horizontal recumbent; lying flat of the back
|
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flexion
|
bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
|
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extension
|
straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased
|
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abduction
|
movement away from the body
|
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adduction
|
movement toward the body
|
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rotation
|
circular movement around an axis
|
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eversion
|
turning outward
|
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inversion
|
turning inward
|
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supination
|
turning upward or forward of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot)
|
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pronation
|
turning downward or backward of the palmar surface or plantar surface
|
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dorsiflexion
|
bending of the foot or the toes upward
|
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plantar flexion
|
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
|
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range of motion (ROM)
|
total motion possible in a joint
|
|
goniometer
|
instrument used to measure joint angles
|
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arthralgia
|
joint pain
|
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atrophy
|
shrinking of tissue such as muscle
|
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crepitation
crepitus |
grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones
|
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exostosis
|
a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
|
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flaccid
|
flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone
|
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hypertrophy
|
increase in the size of tissue such as muscle
|
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hypotonia
|
reduced muscle tone or tension
|
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myalgia
myodynia |
muscle pain
|
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ostealgia
osteodynia |
bone pain
|
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rigor
rigidity |
stiffness; stiff muscle
|
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spasm
|
drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle
|
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spastic
|
uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements
|
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tetany
|
tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contractions
|
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tremor
|
shaking, rhythmic muscular movement
|
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ankylosis
|
stiff joint condition
|
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athritis
|
inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and the limitation of motion
|
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osteosrthritis (OA)
degenerative arthritis degenerative joint disease (DJD) |
most common form of srthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joints; erosion of articular cartilidged
|
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rhematoid arthritis (RA)
|
most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes causing ankylosis
|
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gouty arthritis
|
acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint caused by hyperuricemia
|
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bony necrosis
sequestrum |
dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply such as can occur after a fracture
|
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bunion
|
swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe cuased by inflammation of the bursa
|
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bursitis
|
imflammation of a bursa
|
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carpal tunnel syndrome
|
condition that results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist, characterized by pain, numbness, and tingling in the wrist and fingers and weak grip
|
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chondromalacia
|
softening of cartilage
|
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epiphysitis
|
inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone
|
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fracture
|
a broken or cracked bone
|
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closed fracture
|
a broken bone with no open wound
|
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open fracture
|
compound fracture; a broken bone with an open wound
|
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simple fracture
|
a nondisplaced fracture involving one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair
|
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complex fracture
|
a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
|
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fracture line
|
line made by broken bone
|
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comminuted fracture
|
broken in many tiny pieces
|
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greenstick fracture
|
bending and incomplete break of a bone
most often seen in children |
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herniated disk (disc)
|
protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus, protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root
|
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myeloma
|
bone marrow tumor
|
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myositis
|
inflammation of muscle
|
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myoma
|
muscle tumor
|
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leiomyoma
|
smooth muscle tumor
|
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leiomyosarcoma
|
malignant smooth muscle tumor
|
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rhabdomyoma
|
skeletal muscle tumor
|
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rhabdomyosarcoma
|
malignant skeletal muscle tumor
|
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muscular dystrophy
|
a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles
|
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osteoma
|
bone tumor
|
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osteosarcoma
|
type of malignant bone tumor
|
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osteomalacia
|
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D defiency
|
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rickets
|
osteomalacia in children
|
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osteomyelitis
|
infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation
|
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osteoporosis
|
condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture
|
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kyphosis
|
abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
humpback |
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lordosis
|
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
sway-back condition |
|
scoliosis
|
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
S shaped |
|
spondylolisthesis
|
forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
|
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spondylosis
|
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration
|
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sprain
|
injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation
|
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subluxation
|
a partial dislocation
|
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tendinitis
tendonitis |
imflammation of a tendon
|
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electromyogram (EMG)
|
a neurodiagnostic graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest and during contraction to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders
by neurologist |
|
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI |
a nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves
to visulaize anatomical structures-useful in orthopedics to detect joint, tendon, and vertebral disk disorders |
|
nuclear medicine
radionuclide organ imaging |
ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes
|
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bone scan
|
radionuclide image of bone tissue to detect tumor, malignancy, etc.
|
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radiography
|
x-ray imaging; an ionizing technique commonly used in orthopedics to visualize the extrmities ribs, backs, shoulders, joints, etc.
|
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arthrogram
|
an x-ray of a joint taken after injection of a contrast medium
|
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diskogram
|
an x-ray of an intervertebral disk after injection of a contrast medium
|
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dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
|
an x-ray scan that measures bone mineral density of the spine and extremities to diagnose osteoporosis, determine fracture risk, and monitor treatment
|
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computed tomography (CT)
computed axial tomography (CAT) |
a specialized x-ray procedure producing a series of cross-sectional images that are processed by a computer into a 2D or 3D image
|
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sonography
|
ultrasound imaging; a nonionizing technique useful in orthopedics to visualize muscles, ligaments, displacements, and dislocations or to guide a therapeutic intervention such as that performed during arthroscopy
|
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amputation
|
partial or complete removal of a limb
|
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arthrocentesis
|
puncture for aspiration of a joint
|
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arthrodesis
|
binding or fusing of joint surfaces
|
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arthroplasty
|
repair or reconstruction of a joint
|
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arthroscopy
|
procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from within
|
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bone grafting
|
transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect
|
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bursectomy
|
excision of a bursa
|
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myoplasty
|
repair of muscle
|
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open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture
|
internal surgical repair of a fracture by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them into place, often utilizing plates, screws, pins,etc.
|
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osteoplasty
|
repair of bone
|
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osteotomy
|
an incision into bone
|
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spondylosyndesis
|
spinal fusion
|
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tenotomy
|
division by incision of a tendon to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle
|
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closed reduction, external fixation of a fracture
|
external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to portect and hold the bone in place while healing
|
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casting
|
use of a stiff, solid dressing around a limb or other body part to immobilize it during healing
|
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splinting
|
use of a rigid device to immobilize or restrain a broken bone or injured body part; provides less support than a cast, but can by adjusted easier to accommodate for swelling from an injury
|
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traction (Tx)
|
application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing
|
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closed reduction, percutaneous fixation of a fracture
|
external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position-often includes use of an external device called a fixator to keep the fracture immobilized during healing
|
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orthosis
|
use of an orthpedic appliance to maintain a bone's position or provide limb support
|
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physical therapy (PT)
|
treatment to rehabilitate patients disabled by illness or injury, involving many different modalities (methods), such as excercise, hydrotherapy, diathermy, and ultrasound
|
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prothesis
|
an artificial replacement for a diseased or missing body part such as a hip, joint, or limb
|
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analgestic
|
a drug that relieves pain
|
|
narcotic
|
a potent analgestic that has addictive properties
|
|
anti-inflammatory
|
a drug that reduces inflammation
|
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antipyretic
|
a drug that relieves fever
|
|
nonsteriodial anti-inflammatory
|
a group of drugs with analgestic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties
|