Chapter 7: Groups And Organizations

Front 1

Social Group

Back 1

p. 146) two or more people who identify with and interact with one another

Front 2

Primary Group

Back 2

p. 147) a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships

Front 3

Secondary Group

Back 3

p. 147) a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity

Front 4

Instrumental Leadership

Back 4

p. 148) group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks

Front 5

Expressive Leadership

Back 5

p. 148) group leadership that focuses on the group’s well-being

Front 6

Groupthink

Back 6

p. 149) the tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue

Front 7

Reference Group

Back 7

p. 149) a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

Front 8

In-Group

Back 8

p. 150) a social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty

Front 9

Out-Group

Back 9

p. 150) a social group toward which a person feels a sense of completion or opposition

Front 10

Dyad

Back 10

p. 150) a social group with two members

Front 11

Triad

Back 11

p. 150) a social group with three members

Front 12

Network

Back 12

p. 151) a web of weak social ties

Front 13

Formal Organization

Back 13

p. 153) a large secondary group organized to achieve its goals efficiently

Front 14

Organizational Environment

Back 14

p. 154) factors outside an organization that affect its operation

Front 15

Bureaucracy

Back 15

p. 153) an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

Front 16

Bureaucratic Ritualism

Back 16

p. 156) a focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization’s goals

Front 17

Bureaucratic Inertia

Back 17

p. 156) the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves

Front 18

Oligarchy

Back 18

p. 156) the rule of the many by the few

Front 19

Scientific Management

Back 19

p. 156) Frederick Taylor’s term for the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization