Chapter 5: The Body As A Whole

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APLASIA

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the lack of development of an organ or tissue

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DYSPLASIA

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any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape and appearance

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HYPOPLASIA

Back 3

underdevelopment of an organ or tissue;

less severe than aplasia

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HYPERPLASIA

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an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue

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HYPERTROPHY

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an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells (as in hyperplasia)

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ANAPLASIA

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characteristic of malignant tumors;

means upward, early stage of development;

refers to a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form

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ACRAL

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pertaining to the extremities of the body

acrodermatitis (dermatitis of the extremities); acrocyanosis (arms and legs appear bluish); acrohypothermy (abnormal coldness of the extremities); acromegaly (abnormal enlargement)

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THORACIC

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pertaining to the chest;

thoracocentesis (more common: thoracentesis - surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids

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PELVIC

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pertaining to the pelvis;

cephalopelvic disproportion (the head of the fetus is too large for the pelvis of the mother)

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ABDOMINOTHORACIC

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pertains to the abdomen and the thorax;

abdominocentesis (more common "paracentesis" - surgical procedure performed to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent)

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ASCITES

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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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PERITONITIS

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can result if infectious microorganisms gain access by way of surgical incisions or by the rupture/perforation of viscera or associated structures)

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OMPHALOCELE

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congenital herniation of the navel

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PALMAR

Back 14

pertaining to the pamls

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PLANTAR

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pertaining to the soles of the feet

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DACTYLOGRAPHY

Back 16

study of fingerprints

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DACTYLOSPASM

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cramping of finger/toe

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DACTYLITIS

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inflammation of the bones of the fingers/toes

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CHYROPODY

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pertaining to the hands and feet

chyropodist (specialist who treats corns, bunions, and other afflictions of the hands and feet);

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ONYCHOPHAGIST

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individual who habitually bites nails

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ONYCHOPATHY

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any disease of the nails

onychomycosis (disease caused by fungus)

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ONYCHECTOMY

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surgical removal of the nail;

declawing an animal

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HEMODIALYSIS

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process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials from the bodies of persons with impaired kidney function

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HEMATOMA

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localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue or space, resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel

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THROMBOCYTES

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blood platelets, smalls structures important for blood clotting (they are not really cells, but cell fragments)

thrombocytopenia/thrombopenia = reduction in the number of blood platelets

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PALLOR

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paleness;

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ANEMIA

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condition in which the number of erythrocytes or the concentration of hemoglobin (or both) is decreased;

pallor and tachycardia are some typical signs of mild anemia, whereas more serious problems, such as difficult breathing, shortness of breath (SOB), headache, fainting, and even congestive heart failure, can occur in severe anemia.

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LEUKOPENIA

LEUKOCYTOPENIA

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abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells

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LEUKOCYTOSIS

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abnormal increase in the total number of leukocytes;

can be transitory but it is often associated with a bacterial infection

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LEUKEMIA

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progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs;

characterized by a marked increase in the number of leukocytes and by the presence of immature forms of leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow

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HEMATOPOIESIS

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generally takes place in the bone marrow;

some types of WBC are produced in lymphoid tissue

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ERYTHROPOIETIN

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hormone produced mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream, causes the production of RBC