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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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peer groups
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groups of individuals of approximately the same age
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age grading
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the process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age.
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baby boom
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the period following WWII, during which the number of infants born was extremely large.
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particularistic norms
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guidelines for behavior that vary from one individual to another; more commonly found in less industrialized societies.
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universalistic norms
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guidelines for behavior that apply to all members of a community; more common in industrialized societies.
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sex cleavage
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the separation of boys and girls into different cliques, common during late childhood and early adolescence.
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cliques
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small, tightly knit groups of between 2 and 12 friends, generally of the same sex and age.
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crowds
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large, loosely organized groups of young people, composed of several cliques and typically organized around a common shared activity.
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participant observation
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a research technique in which the researcher "infiltrates" a group of individuals in order to study their behavior and relationships.
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ethnography
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a type of research in which individuals are observed in their natural settings.
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reference groups
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a group against which an individual compares him- or herself.
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gangs
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organized peer groups of antisocial individuals.
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iatrogenic effects
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unintended adverse consequences of a treatment or intervention.
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instrumental aggression
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aggressive behavior that is deliberate and planned.
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reactive aggression
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aggressive behavior that is unplanned and impulsive.
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relational aggression
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acts intended to harm another through the manipulation of his or her relationships with others, as in malicious gossip.
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hostile attributional bias
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the tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with others as delierately hostile.
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