Chapter 5 Molecules Of Life

Front 1

Organic molecule

Back 1

Carbon-based molecules

Front 2

Inorganic molecule

Back 2

non- carbon- based molecules

Front 3

Hydrocarbon

Back 3

Organic molecules that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen

Front 4

Functional group

Back 4

A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules

Front 5

Hydrophilic

Back 5

Attract water molecules

Front 6

Monomers

Back 6

Large molecules built from many similar smaller molecular units

Front 7

Polymers

Back 7

Cells link monomers together into long chains

Front 8

Carbohydrate

Back 8

An organic composed made up of sugar molecules

Front 9

Monosaccharides

Back 9

Simple sugars containing just one sugar

Front 10

Polysaccharides

Back 10

Long polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers

Front 11

Starch

Back 11

A polysaccharide found in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers

Front 12

Glycogen

Back 12

Stores access sugar in the form of a polysaccharide

Front 13

Cellulose

Back 13

Serve as building material

Front 14

Lipid

Back 14

Oils inability to mix with water is typical of the class of water avoiding compound

Front 15

Hydrophobic

Back 15

Water avoiding molecules

Front 16

Fat

Back 16

Consist of three carbon backbone attached to 3 fatty acids

Front 17

Saturated fat

Back 17

A fat in which all 3 fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

Front 18

Unsaturated fat

Back 18

Contains less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains

Front 19

Steroid

Back 19

A lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings

Front 20

Cholesterol

Back 20

An essential molecule found in the membranes that surround your cells

Front 21

Protein

Back 21

A polymer constructed from a set of just 20 kinds of monomers

Front 22

Amino acid

Back 22

Consist of a central carbon atom bonded to 4 partners

Front 23

Polypeptide

Back 23

Cells that create proteins by linking amino acids together into a chain

Front 24

Denaturation

Back 24

Loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor

Front 25

Activation energy

Back 25

Start-up energy that activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

Compounds that speed up chemical reactions

Front 27

Enzymes

Back 27

Specialized protein that catalyze the chemical reaction of a cell

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

Specialized reactant acted upon enzymes

Front 29

Active site

Back 29

The substrate fits into a particular region of the enzyme

Front 30

Disaccharide

Back 30

Generation reaction that creates the double sugar from two monosaccharides

Front 31

Polyunsaturated

Back 31

An organic compound containing several double and triple bonds between carbon atoms

Front 32

Oil

Back 32

Fat that are liquid at room temperature

Front 33

Dipeptide

Back 33

The peptide composed of two amino acids

Front 34

(true or false) all organic compounds are compounds that contain *oxygen*

Back 34

False; carbon

Front 35

(true or false) *isomers* are organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula

Back 35

True

Front 36

(true or false) *proteins* are composed of fatty acids and glycerol

Back 36

False; lipids

Front 37

(true or false) Carbohydrates usually contain hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of *4:1*

Back 37

False; 2:1

Front 38

(true or false) Maltose and sucrose are two examples of *monosaccharides*

Back 38

False; disaccharide

Front 39

(true or false) cellulose glycogen and starch are *simple* carbohydrates

Back 39

False; complete

Front 40

(true or false) *lipids* include fats oils and waxes

Back 40

True

Front 41

(true or false) Lipids are *insoluble* in water

Back 41

True

Front 42

(true or false) *proteins* are composed of 20 different amino acids

Back 42

True

Front 43

To what class do biological compounds do enzymes belong

Back 43

Protein

Front 44

Define dehydration reaction

Back 44

When a monomer is added to a chain a water molecule is released. involves removing water

Front 45

Hydrolysis reaction

Back 45

Cells break down bonds between monomers by adding water to them. involves water used to break down the polymer

Front 46

Examples of foods that are high in carbohydrates

Back 46

Beans, fruits, nuts, ect.

Front 47

Examples of foods that are high in lipids

Back 47

Milk, oil, nuts, ect.

Front 48

Examples of foods that are high in proteins

Back 48

Cheese, tuna, Turkey, ect.

Front 49

what's the major function of carbohydrates in animals and plants?

Back 49

animals is energy
plants are energy storage and plant cellular structure

Front 50

the major function of lipids in an organisms are?

Back 50

cell membrane development, storing energy, and cushion for organs

Front 51

the major functions of proteins in organisms are

Back 51

act as enzymes, make up muscles, hair and fur, and provide long-term nutrient storage in cells

Front 52

define kinetic energy

Back 52

energy of motion

Front 53

define potential energy

Back 53

energy of position, or stored energy

Front 54

Define coenzyme

Back 54

Non protein molecule that helps enzymes in reactions