Chapter 5 Micro

Front 1

Viruses

Back 1

Force in evolution

Interact w/ genetic material

Modify genes or transfer genes

Replicate in plants, Protozoa, algae, fungi, animals

Front 2

Viruses not cells

Back 2

Obligated intercellular parasites

Front 3

Obligated intercellular parasite

Back 3

Requires host cell to reproduce, can survive in environment

Most are non-pathogenic and are beneficial

Front 4

Nucleocytoplasmic large (giant) DNA viruses

Back 4

Mimivirus, pithovirus sibericum

Pandoravirus

Front 5

Animal virus classification

Back 5

Baltimore classification- DNA or RNA, location, capsid, envelop

Front 6

Virion structure

Back 6

DNA or RNA, single stranded or double stranded, capsid,

Front 7

Bacteriophage life cycle

Back 7

Lytic replication

Lysogenic replication

Front 8

Lytic replication

Back 8

Late of the cell

Front 9

Lysogenic replication

Back 9

Integrate into the DNA

Front 10

Lytic replication cycle

Back 10

1. Adsorption or attachment

2. Injection of DNA

3. Replication

4. Assembly

5. Release by lysis or lysozyme

Front 11

Adsorption or attachment

Back 11

Specific binding to host cell by virus rail fibers

Front 12

Injection of DNA

Back 12

Across cell wall; lysozyme breaks cell wall

Front 13

Replication

Back 13

Viral genomes, protein virus

Front 14

Assembly

Back 14

Maturation or progeny virus

Front 15

Release

Back 15

By Lysis or lysozyme

Front 16

Lysogeny

Back 16

Phage remains latent

Phage DNA incorporates into host cell DNA

Lysogenic conversion

Front 17

Animal virus replication

Back 17

1. Adsorption or attachment

2. Penetration

3. Disassembly of capsid

4. Replication

5. Assembly

6. Release

Front 18

Animal virus replication adsorption

Back 18

Specific binding or fusion

Front 19

Animal virus replication

Penetration

Back 19

Translocation across the membrane (vesicle) or fusion with host cell membrane or pinocytosis

Front 20

Animal virus replication

Disassembly of capsid

Back 20

Uncoating, nuclei acid freed

Front 21

Animal virus replication

Back 21

Viral genome and proteins made

Front 22

Animal virus replication

Assembly

Back 22

Maturation of progeny virus

Front 23

Animal virus replication

Release

Back 23

Budding, lysis

Front 24

Virus replication in host cell

Back 24

Virus takes over cell and replicates

Front 25

Virus restrictions

Back 25

Host range

Productive infection

Front 26

Cytopathic effects

Back 26

Lysis/ plaques

Inclusion bodies

Syncytia

Front 27

Types of viral infections

Back 27

Acute

Persistent- latent, chronic

Transformation- tumor , cancer

Front 28

Persistent latent infections

Back 28

No virus detected between episodes, not lytic

Herpes virus, HPV

Reactive due to changes in immunity

Front 29

Persistent chronic infections

Back 29

Virus detected, low level of virus produced

Hepatitis virus C&B, HIV, HPV

Damage is constantly occurring

Front 30

How virus persist

Back 30

1. Evade the immune system

2. DNA integration

3. Hide in the body

4. Shut down the immune response

Front 31

Proto-oncogenes

Back 31

Normal genes and normal part of cell cycle

Genes turn on the growth of the cell

Front 32

Mutations of proto-oncogenes

Back 32

Loss of control can turn into oncogenes

Front 33

Oncogenes

Back 33

Cancer causing genes

Uncontrolled growth

Front 34

Tumor suppressor proteins

Back 34

Prevent uncontrolled growth of DNA damaged cells

P53

Apoptosis- cell suicide

Front 35

Class 1 carcinogens viruses

Back 35

1.HPV

2. Hepatitis B,C&D virus

3. HTLV- human T Lymphotropic virus

4. Epstein Barr virus

Front 36

Class 1 bacterial virus

Back 36

Helicobacter pylori- gastric carcinoma

Front 37

Microbial methods of carcinogenesis

Back 37

1. Inhibit apoptosis

2. Enhance oncogenes

3. Bind and inactivate tumor suppressor proteins

4.cause DNA mutation during integration

5. Chronic infections

Front 38

Interferon

Back 38

Natural antiviral substance produced by infected cells which prevent replication in adjacent cells,

Front 39

Prion disease

Back 39

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Infectious protein

Long incubation

Front 40

Kuru disease

Back 40

Consumption of prion neural tissue, long incubation,

Unsteadiness, shaming, shivering ,death

Front 41

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Back 41

Genetic or contact with infected tissue (dura graft, corneal transplant, hormones

Rare

Front 42

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Back 42

Consumption of meat from cows (bovine) mad cow disease

Infects multiple lymphoid tissue , travels peripheral nerves to brain causes plaques in brain

Front 43

Papovaviridae DNA virus of animals

Back 43

Papilloma virus

Front 44

Poxviridae DNA animal virus

Back 44

Skin lesions

Enveloped

Monkeypox

Small pox viruses

Front 45

Hepadnaviridae DNA animal virus

Back 45

Hepatitis B

Front 46

Herpesviridae DNA animal virus

Back 46

HHV1, HHV2, HHV3, HHV4, HHV 5

Front 47

Parvoviridae DNA animal virus

Back 47

Rash

SS

Not the same as in dog or cat

Front 48

Picornaviridae RNA animal virus

Back 48

Naked, SS

Hepatitis A virus

Front 49

Corona RNA animal virus

Back 49

MERS, SARS

SS, enveloped

Front 50

Toga RNA animal virus

Back 50

SS, enveloped, +,

Chikungunya

Front 51

Filo RNA animal birusy

Back 51

Ebola, SS ,-, enveloped

Front 52

Rhabdoviridae RNA animal virus

Back 52

Lyssavirus, SS, -,

Front 53

Reo RNA animal virus

Back 53

Rotavirus, DS, naked

Front 54

Flavi RNA animal virus

Back 54

West Nile

Dengue fever

Hepatitis C virus

Zika virus

SS, +, enveloped

Front 55

Caliciviridae RNA animal virus

Back 55

Norovirus - GI

Front 56

Retroviridae RNA animal virus

Back 56

Lentivirus (HIV)