Chapter 5: Competition Audience Effects

Front 1

Social process that occurs when rewards (tangible or intangible - get something or not, i.e. trophy) distributed unequally based on individual’s performance compared to others participating in same event

Back 1

Competition

Front 2

1. Objective Situation

2. Subjective Situation

3. Response

4. Consequence/Outcomes

Back 2

Marten's Model

Front 3

Performancecompared to standard ofexcellence in the presence of one or more individuals aware of comparison. Situation is the same for all athletes.

Back 3

Objective Situation

Front 4

Howathletes interpret,perceive and appraise the objective competitivesituation

Back 4

Subjective Situation

Front 5

Howathletes responds tointerpretation (observed on a physiological, psychological, behavioural level)

Back 5

Competitor's Response

Front 6

Outcomes (typically dichotomous)

Back 6

Consequences

Front 7

1. Characteristics of a person

2. Perceived situational competitiveness

3. Actual environment

Back 7

Murayama & Elliot (2012)

Front 8

Person’stendency forcompetition; influencesinterpretation (i.e., traitcompetitiveness)

Back 8

Characteristics of a person

Front 9

Degree to which person interprets event as involving competition (i.e., subjective situation)

Back 9

Perceived situational competitiveness

Front 10

Structure of activity(i.e., objectivesituation)

Back 10

Actual Environment

Front 11

Desire to do well relative to others; Show they are better. Athletes with approach mindset play to win (eager, persistent, task-absorbed)

Back 11

Performance Approach Goals

Front 12

Desire to avoid doing poorly compared to others. Don’t look bad compared to others. Athletes play not to lose. Avoid failure. Avoid being compared. Hesitant. (worry, task-distraction, self-handicapping)

Back 12

Performance Avoidance Goals

Front 13

- Get to know athletes as individuals

- Separate performance outcomes from ‘goodness’

- Learn athletes’ motives for playing

- Understand how they respond to different types of feedback

- Understand what stresses them

Back 13

Coach: Enhance approach goals and limit avoidance goals

Front 14

1. Self-awareness

2. Self-management

3. Social awareness

4. Relationships

5. Responsible decision making

Back 14

Life skills learned through sport

Front 15

Self-esteem, self-monitoringand evaluation, goal setting

Back 15

Self-awareness

Front 16

Anger and stress management, time management, coping skills, controlling impulses

Back 16

Self-management

Front 17

Empathy, active listening, recognizing/appreciating individualand group differences

Back 17

Social awareness

Front 18

Negotiation, conflict management,resisting peer pressure,networking, motivation

Back 18

Relationships

Front 19

Information gathering, critical thinking, evaluating consequences of actions

Back 19

Responsible decision making

Front 20

Performanceadvantage … whatyou have when compete at homecompared with when play awayunder similar conditions

Back 20

Home advantage

Front 21

Social rewards/punishments based on external evaluation (it’s the knowledge of evaluation that influences arousal). Performance enhanced/impaired only in presence of others who approve/disapprove behaviour

Back 21

Evaluation-Apprehension theory

Front 22

Presence of others distracts attention,which is not on task at hand, and increases activation

Back 22

Distraction-conflict hypothesis

Front 23

Tendency towards self-assurance/enthusiasm (general and toward social environment). Is reflected in high extraversion and self-esteem

Back 23

SF: Positive orientation

Front 24

Tendency toward anxiety/apprehension. Is reflected in high neuroticism and low self-esteem

Back 24

SF: Negative orientation