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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell cycle
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the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
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mitosis
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the division of the cell nucleus and its contents.
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cytokinesis
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the process that divides the cell cytoplasm.
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chromosome
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one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information.
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histones
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a group of proteins associated with chromosomes during the cell cycle.
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chromatin
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the loose combination of DNA and proteins
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chromatid
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half of a duplicated chromosome.
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centromere
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a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched.
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telomeres
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which are made of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes.
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prophase
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first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to the opposite sides of the cell.
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metaphase
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second stage of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator.
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anaphase
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third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite side of the cell.
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telophase
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last stage of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell the nuclear membranes start to form the chromosomes begin to uncoil and the spindle fibers disassemble.
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growth factors
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a broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division.
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death.
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cancer
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the common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
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benign
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having no dangerous effect on health especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous.
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malignant
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cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to the other parts of the body causing harm to the body.
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metastasize
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to break away
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carcinogens
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substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer.
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asexual reproduction
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the creation offspring from a single parent and doesn't involve the joining of gametes.
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binary fission
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the asexual reproduction of a single celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts.
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tissues
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groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function.
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organs
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group of tissues that work together to perform a specific functions or related functions.
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organ systems
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organs that carry out similar functions.
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cell differentiation
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the process by which unspecialized cell develop into their mature forms and functions.
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stem cells
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a unique type of body cell that have the ability to
1. divide and renew themselves for long periods of time. 2. remain undifferentiated in form. 3. develop into a variety of specialized cell types. |
