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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tight Junctions
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Close space between cells by fusing cell membranes Ex: Cells found in small intestine |
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Desmosomes
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Binds cells by forming "spots welds Ex: Cells in outer skin later |
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Gap Junctions
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form tube like channels between cells for exchange of substances ex: muscles cells in heart and digestive tract |
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Microvilli
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found on simple columnar epithelia for the purpose of increasing surface area of membrane to absorb.
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glandular glands
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specialized cells that produce/secrete substances
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exocrine
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secrete products into ducts/ open surfaces of skin/dig tract (leave body eventually) by use of sweat, salivary, Lacrimal (tear ducts) apparatus |
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endocrine
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secrete fluid into tissue fluid or blood stream by hormones, pituitary/ thalamus |
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single gland
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communicates w/ the surface by use of a duct & does not brand before reaching glandular cells
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compound glands
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has a duct that branches repeatedly before reaching secretory portion.
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alveolar glands
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terminal portions form saclike dilations (gland)
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tubular glands
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epithelial lined tubes
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merocrine glands
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a type of glandular secretion- secretes fluid (sweat gland, pancreas, salivatory G, fluid product)
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Aprocrine gland
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a gland that's a cellular product, pinches off a piece of itself to secrete fluid., found in mammory glands and ceruminous glands (portions of cells) |
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holocrine galds
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a gland where the cell gets destroyed to release product.* (secretory product)
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connective tissue
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provides support, protection and fills spaces between tissues |
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Fibroblasts cells
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a cell that has a nonliving matrix, produces fibers most common |
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mast cells
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a cell that helps swelling occur for protection against injury releases heparin |
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macrophages cells
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a cell that protects against pathogens/damage |
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collagen fibers
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thick threats, tensile strength, abundant in dense CT - found in TENDONS and LIGAMENTS (hold structures together)
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Reticular Fibers
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thin collagenous fiber, highly branched, provide support (not like collagen) keeps organs in place (spleen)
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Elastic fiber |
a fiber can return to original shape. Made of bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin (protein). found in vocal cords &airways of respiratory
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areolar connective tissue
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a tissue that has thin, membranes in body/ made of fibroblast, keeps skin attached to bones
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adipose tissue
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tissue of adipoctyes cells, insulates the body, found beneath skin, behind eyes, around heart & kidneys
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Reticular CT
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tissue made of Reticular fibers provides support for internal organs & keeps them separated (spleen & liver) cell contains fiborblasts |
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Dense regular CT
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connective tissue packed collagenous fibers, binds body parts. (tendons, dermis, ligaments) avascular, so its slow healing (Achilles tendon)
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Elastic CT |
tissue abundant in elastic fibers, found between vertebrae, holds together walls of aeorta. some collagenous fibers, and fibroblasts.
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Cartilage
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has a rigid matrix, contains chondrocytes for cells in lacunae (chondroblasts make chondrocytes) three types: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage. |
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Bone
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tissue has solid matrix, supports & protects. attaches of muscles to bone and allows movements. Red marrow forms blood cells in bones. osteocytes are found in the lacunae.
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Most abundant* found in ends of long bones, soft part of nose, attaches ribs to sternum, makes up fetal skeleton. It is made up of collagen fibers.
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Elastic cartilage
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flexible, extracellular matrix has dense network of elastic fibers. provides framework of external ears ∧ part of larynx, damaged easily
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Fibrocartilage
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tough tissue, acts as a shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure ex: intervertebral discs, pads in knee
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Blood
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has a fluid matrix: plasma. function: transport, defend (WBC), clot (platelets). Functions in the heart, and through blood vessels.
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serous membrane
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The epithelial membrane that lines a body cavity that lacks an opening to the outside is called a _________ |
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mucous membrane
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The structure that lines a cavity or tube which opens to the external environment is called a _______ |
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Mucus |
This membrane contains goblet cells that secrete _____ to help trap particles and protect the underlying cells. |
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cutabeous membrane
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The membrane that is composed of stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue is called ________
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synovial membrane
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composed of CT, secrete synovial fluid for lubrication. found in knees, elbow, fingers, toes, shoulder |
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meninges |
composed of CT, found in dorsal cavity over brain and SC. protects CNS
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Muscle Tissue
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contains muscle cells called muscle fibers (which are elongated) that contractile. when they contract, cells pull apart and pull at attached end moving body parts. 3 types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac. |
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skeletal muscle
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attaches to bones, nultinucleated and striated cell, voluntary and involuntary
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Smooth Muscle tissue
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IV. found in walls of organs- stomach, urinary bladder. Not striated (smooth)surrounded by other tissue |
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Cardiac Muscle
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involuntary, striated and highly branched cell with intercalated disc. Found in cardiac region. |
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Nervous Tissue
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found in brain, spinal cord. contains neurons that carry electro chemical signals and neuroglia that support neurons |
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Visceral |
The membranous layer that covers the surface of an organ in a body cavity is called the _____ layer of the membrane. |
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parietal |
The layer that lines the wall of the body cavity is called the ____ layer. |
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Smooth muscle |
What type of muscle tissue is found in the wall of blood vessels? |
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Neurons |
On the cellular level, the first type of nervous cell, the_____, are responsible for carrying electrical signals throughout the body. |
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Neuroglia |
The second cell type, the ____, support and bind the components of the nervous tissue. |
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extracellular matrix, Ground Substance |
This tissue consists of a collection of cells surrounded by _______, which is composed of thread-like protein fibers and ________which varies in consistency. |
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two or more tissue types working together. |
the skin is classified as an organ, meaning that skin is comprised of: |
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hardening of cells; occurs in epidermis |
What is keratinization and where does it occur? |
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basement membrane |
Anchoring the epidermis to the superficial dermis is a thin layer called the: |
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Papilla |
The dermis extends upward between ridges of epidermis. These dermal extensions are called dermal: |
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melanocytes |
The epidermal cells called ______ are responsible for producing the pigment found in the skin. |
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constriction |
A pale skin tone can occur with _____ of dermal blood vesselsdilation of dermal blood vesselsjaundicecyanosis. |
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dilation |
Flushed or red skin will occur with ____ of dermal blood vesselsconstriction of dermal blood vesselscyanosisjaundice. |
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region of growth |
structure of the skin that is the deepest part of the hair. |
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hair shaft |
structure of the hair that extends above the skin/ dermis is the |
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hair papilla |
in the structure of the hair what provides blood flow and supports hair growth? |
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Sebaceous glands Hair Dermal papillae |
structures that are missing from the skin of the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, but found elsewhere in the skin of the body |
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nail bed |
the strucutre underneatht the nail plate is the ___ |
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hair bulb |
Name the area where hair growth occurs. |
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merocrine |
secretes watery substances at at skin surface |
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subaceous gland |
oily secretion assoc. w/ hair follicle, releases sebum |
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aprocrine |
ducts open in hair follicles |
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Ceruminous Gland |
Secrete ear wax into external ear canal |
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Merocrine Gland |
Function to lower body temperature |
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Apocrine |
Near hair follicles in armpit and groin |
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Merocrine |
Open onto skin surface of forehead, neck, and back |
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To shift position of hair follicles. |
What is the function of the arrector pili? |
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decrease |
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin is a response to a(n) ______ in body temperature. |
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full thickness |
What type of burn involves the destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures of the skin? |
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Superficial partial-thickness burn |
What type of burn involves injury to only the epidermis? |
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fibroblasts |
The collagen matrix of granulation tissue is produced by cells called: |
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production of new blood vessels |
Define angiogenesis. |
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collagen |
Scars consist of: |
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overgrowth of scar tissue |
Keloids are the result of: |
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inflammation |
The stage called _____ results in formation of a blood clot as well as vasodilation of vessels, allowing the leakage of white blood cells into the injured tissue. |
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granulation |
The tissue that fills the gap in the skin during healing is called _____ tissue. |
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inflammation, proliferation, remodeling |
The phases of wound healing, in the correct order, are: |
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superficial |
_____ burns involve only the epidermis. |
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Fluid leaks out of capillaries. reducing blood volume |
Shock occurs with severe burns. Why does hypovolemic shock develop? |
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smooth muscle |
What type of muscle tissue is found in the wall of blood vessels? |
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serous membrane |
What type of membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the external environment, such as the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity? |
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stratified squamous epithelium |
Skin is exposed to friction and has a protective function. |
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
epithelial tissue is found lining the upper respiratory passageway and is able to move mucus? |
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epithelial |
tissues are found covering or lining body surfaces or organs. |
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epithelial |
What type of tissue forms glands? |
