Psych 100 Chapter 5

Front 1

1. Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist.

a. cognitive
b. developmental
c. biological
d. psychodynamic

Back 1

B. Developmental

Front 2

2. Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the

a. embryo.
b. ovaries.
c. teratogens.
d. placenta.

Back 2

D. Placenta

Front 3

3. Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their

a. self-concepts.
b. egocentrism.
c. stranger anxiety.
d. mental abilities.

Back 3

D. Mental Abilities

Front 4

4. The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by
a. Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
b. Piaget's cognitive development theory.
c. Harlow's attachment theory.
d. Kohlberg's moral development theory.

Back 4

B. Piaget's cognitive development theory

Front 5

5. Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a
a. sense of object permanence.
b. concept of conservation.
c. capacity for habituation.
d. secure attachment.

Back 5

B. Concept of conservation

Front 6

6. A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of
a. object permanence.
b. egocentrism.
c. a theory of mind.
d. stranger anxiety.

Back 6

C. a theory of mind

Front 7

7. The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as
a. menarche.
b. puberty.
c. menopause.
d. a critical period.

Back 7

D. a critical period

Front 8

8. Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of
a. secure attachment.
b. object permanence.
c. egocentrism.
d. conservation.

Back 8

A. secure attachment

Front 9

9. "I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.
a. preconventional
b. authoritative
c. formal operational
d. authoritarian

Back 9

D. authoritarian

Front 10

10. Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.
a. conventional
b. unconventional
c. preconventional
d. postconventional

Back 10

D. postconventional

Front 11

11. Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing
a. egocentrism.
b. insecure attachment.
c. role confusion.
d. infantile amnesia.

Back 11

C. role confusion

Front 12

12. A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a
a. social clock.
b. critical period.
c. rite of passage.
d. formal operational stage.

Back 12

C. rite of passage

Front 13

13. The preferred age for retirement is quite different in Mexico than in Western Europe. This best illustrates that ________ differs from culture to culture.
a. the maturational cycle
b. rites of passage
c. terminal decline
d. the social clock

Back 13

D. the social clock

Front 14

14. A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study.
a. longitudinal
b. experimental
c. cross-sectional
d. chronological

Back 14

A. longitudinal

Front 15

15. Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of
a. continuity and stages.
b. stability and change.
c. nature and nurture.
d. primary and secondary sex characteristics

Back 15

B. stability and change

Front 16

1. Taking certain drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to
a. critical periods.
b. role confusion.
c. teratogen.
d. schemas

Back 16

C. teratogen

Front 17

2. By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers'
a. faces.
b. voices.
c. temperament.
d. tender touches.

Back 17

B. voices

Front 18

3. After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of
a. conservation.
b. assimilation.
c. habituation.
d. accommodation.

Back 18

D. habituation

Front 19

4. During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a
a. theory of mind.
b. concept of conservation.
c. sense of object permanence.
d. capacity for abstract reasoning.

Back 19

C. sense of object permanence

Front 20

5. Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' emotional states is most characteristic of
a. autism.
b. menarche.
c. infantile amnesia.
d. object permanence

Back 20

A. autism

Front 21

6. Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of
a. egocentrism.
b. object permanence.
c. insecure attachment.
d. post conventional morality.

Back 21

C. insecure attachment

Front 22

7. Compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are
a. less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
b. more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence.
c. less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence.
d. more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

Back 22

D. more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

Front 23

8. Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________.
a. menarche; menopause
b. menopause; menarche
c. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics
d. primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics

Back 23

C. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

Front 24

9. Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.
a. conventional
b. unconventional
c. preconventional
d. postconventional

Back 24

C. preconventional

Front 25

10. The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect
a. habituation.
b. insecure attachments.
c. affectively laden intuitions.
d. formal operations.

Back 25

C. affectively laden intuitions

Front 26

11. The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by
a. Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
b. Piaget's cognitive development theory.
c. Kohlberg's moral development theory.
d. Harlow's attachment theory.

Back 26

A. Erikson's psychosocial development theory

Front 27

12. The tips of chromosomes that wear down as we age are called
a. teratogens.
b. scaffolds.
c. schemas.
d. telomeres

Back 27

D. telomeres

Front 28

13. A series of small strokes that progressively damage an older adult's brain is most likely to produce
a. menarche.
b. dementia.
c. Asperger syndrome.
d. Alzheimer's disease

Back 28

B. dementia

Front 29

14. According to Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of
a. conventional morality.
b. object permanence.
c. conservation.
d. integrity.

Back 29

D. integrity

Front 30

15. Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of
a. continuity and stages.
b. secure and insecure attachments.
c. concrete and formal operations.
d. generativity and stagnation.

Back 30

A. continuity and stages