Chapter 5

Front 1

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Back 1

Statute stating in part that the human mind was created free and that government control over religious beliefs or worship is tyrannical.

Front 2

John Locke

Back 2

English philosopher who developed the theory of "natural rights".

Front 3

Judith Sargent Murray

Back 3

was an early American advocate for women's rights, an essayist, playwright, poet, and letter writer.

Front 4

Republican Motherhood

Back 4

Concept in the early American republic proposing that women could influence politics and society through their work in the home.

Front 5

Benjamin Franklin

Back 5

was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Front 6

Articles of Confederation

Back 6

Document that created an association of states while guaranteeing each state its "sovereignty, freedom, and independence.

Front 7

Northwest ordinance

Back 7

Legislation that established a system for governing the Northwest Territory.

Front 8

Depression

Back 8

A sharp drop in business activity accompanies by rising unemployment.

Front 9

Shay's Rebellion

Back 9

Uprising of Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays to protest taxes, debt, and foreclosures.

Front 10

Daniel shays

Back 10

was an American soldier, revolutionary, and farmer famous for leading Shays' Rebellion.

Front 11

Constitutional Convention

Back 11

a meeting of delegates to adopt a new constitution or revise an existing constitution.

Front 12

James Madison

Back 12

was an American statesman and political theorist.

Front 13

Edmund Randolph

Back 13

was an American attorney, the seventh Governor of Virginia, the second Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.

Front 14

Virginia Plan

Back 14

was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch.

Front 15

Federalism

Back 15

is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head.

Front 16

Bicameral

Back 16

A legislature made up of two houses.

Front 17

Roger Sherman

Back 17

was an early American lawyer and politician, as well as a founding father.

Front 18

Great Compromise

Back 18

Agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention; granted each state an equal voice in the upper house of the legislature and representation according to population in the lower house.

Front 19

Three-Fifths Compromise

Back 19

was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the enumerated population of slaves would be counted for representation purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives.

Front 20

Tariffs

Back 20

may be either tax on imports or exports (trade tariff), or a list or schedule of prices for such things as rail service, bus routes, and electrical usage.

Front 21

Federalists

Back 21

describes several political beliefs around the world. Also, it may refer to the concept of federalism or the type of government called a federation.

Front 22

Antifederalists

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refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the Constitution of 1787.

Front 23

electors

Back 23

a member of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Holy Roman Emperors.

Front 24

The Federalist

Back 24

also called the Enumerated Powers, are the powers of Congress established in section eight of Article I of the US Constitution. There are nineteen such powers.

Front 25

Delegated Powers

Back 25

also called the Enumerated Powers, are the powers of Congress established in section eight of Article I of the US Constitution. There are nineteen such powers.

Front 26

reserved power

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is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch of the government

Front 27

concurrent powers

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are those powers in nations with a federal system of government that are shared by both the state and the federal government. They may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens.

Front 28

supremacy clause

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establishes the U.S. Constitution, U.S. Treaties, and Federal Statutes made pursuant to the U.S. Constitution, shall be "the supreme law of the land."

Front 29

separation of powers

Back 29

often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state.

Front 30

checks and balances

Back 30

System established by the constitutions allows for sharing of power among branches of government and prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Front 31

Impeachments

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is a formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as other punishment.

Front 32

Veto

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is the power of an officer of the state to unilaterally stop an official action, especially enactment of a piece of legislation.

Front 33

override

Back 33

Congressional power to overrule a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote.

Front 34

Elastic clause

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Necessary and proper clause

Front 35

Bicameral

Back 35

A legislature made up of two houses