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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System
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the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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nerves that connect the CNS to all the tissues and sensors of the body
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Nerve
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bundle of axons that carries information about many things simultaneously
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Afferent
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carries information from sensory receptor cells to the CNS
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Efferent
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portion of the PNS that carries information from the CNS to the muscles and glands of the body
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Hindbrain
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develops into 3 major divisions: the cerebellum, pons, and medulla
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Forebrain
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develops into the telencephalon and diencephalon
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Medulla
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continuous with the spinal cord; controls physiological functions and basic motor patterns
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Pons
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in front of the medulla; controls physiological functions and basic motor patterns
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Cerebellum
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dorsal outgrowth of the pons; coordinates muscle activity and balance
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Brainstem
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where all information traveling between the spinal cord and higher brain areas pass through; encompasses the pons, medulla, and midbrain
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Diencephalon
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the core if the forebrain; consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus
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Telencephalon (Cerebrum)
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largest part of the brain; the outer, surrounding structure of the forebrain; plays major roles in sensory perception, learning, memory, and conscious behavior
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Spinal Cord
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transmits and processes information to and from the brain
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Cerebral Cortex
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outer layer of the Telencephalon; thin layer 2mm thick
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Cranial Nerves
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12 pairs of nerves thar regulate salivating, breathing, eye movement, blood pressure, and gut activity
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Nucleus
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anatomically distinct group of neurons
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Reticular Activating System
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the core of the brainstem; damage to brain/spinal cord below this can result in paralysis; damage above can result in coma
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Thalamus
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communicates sensory information to the cerebral cortex
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Hypothalamus
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receives information about physiological conditions in the body; regulates homeostatic functions
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Limbic System
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responsible for instincts, long term memory formation, physiological drives (hunger, thirst) and emotions
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Amygdala
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involved in fear and fear memory; involved in PTSD
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Hippocampus
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allows transfer of certain types of short term memory to long term memory
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Convolutions
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aka foldings; enable the large surface of the cortex to fit within the skull
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Temporal Lobe
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upper region receives and processes information; association areas of this lobe are involved in recognizing, identifying, and naming objects
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Frontal Lobe
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control muscles in specific parts of the body; has to do with feeling and planning
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