Chapter 4 The Human Body

Front 1

All descriptions of the body start with the assumption that the body is in the:

anatomical position.

supine position.

directional position.

physiological position.

Back 1

anatomical position.

Front 2

The term medial refers to a position on the body:

closer to the midline.

closer to the mid-axillary line.

farther away from the midline.

farther away from the mid-axillary line.

Back 2

closer to the midline.

Front 3

When the body is divided into front and back halves, the front half of the body is called:

posterior.

superior.

inferior.

anterior.

Back 3

anterior.

Front 4

Some respiratory distress patients feel better if the head of the stretcher is raised so the body is at a 45- to 60-degree angle. This is known as:

Trendelenburg position.

Fowler''s position.

the recovery position.

the supine position.

Back 4

Fowler''s position.

Front 5

The body system responsible for providing movement is the:

skin.

musculoskeletal system.

nervous system.

endocrine system.

Back 5

musculoskeletal system.

Front 6

The five divisions of the spine, in order from top to bottom, are:

cervical, abdominal, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pelvic, and coccyx.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccyx, and sacral.

Back 6

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.

Front 7

The thorax contains several important structures, including:

the liver.

the heart.

the stomach.

all of the above.

Back 7

the heart.

Front 8

The ischium, pubis, and acetabulum are all parts of the:

hip joint.

spine.

skull.

pelvis.

Back 8

pelvis.

Front 9

The large thighbone is called the:

femur.

patella.

tibia.

fibula.

Back 9

femur.

Front 10

The bones of the fingers and the bones of the toes have the same name. They are called the:

tarsals.

carpals.

phalanges.

metatarsals.

Back 10

phalanges.

Front 11

The two bones that form the lower arm are the:

tibia and fibula.

carpal and metacarpal.

radius and ulna.

tarsal and metatarsal.

Back 11

radius and ulna

Front 12

There are three types of muscle in the body, including:


intestinal.

vascular.

cardiac.

digestive.

Back 12

cardiac.

Front 13

The type of muscle that is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous system is the:

involuntary muscle.

smooth muscle.

cardiac muscle.

voluntary muscle.

Back 13

voluntary muscle.

Front 14

The tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx down toward the lungs is the:

esophagus.

trachea.

bronchus.

epiglottis.

Back 14

trachea.

Front 15

The respiratory anatomy of infants and children differs from that of adults in several ways, including that:

a child's airway is less easily obstructed, because it is more flexible.

the tongue of an infant is proportionally larger than an adult's.

the trachea of a child is more rigid, requiring more care to be taken when applying a c-collar.

infants and children do not rely on the diaphragm for breathing as much as adults.

Back 15

the tongue of an infant is proportionally larger than an adult's.

Front 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding the cardiovascular system?

All four chambers of the heart contract at once, pumping blood to the lungs and the body.

All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

The ventricles contract slightly after the atria.

The right ventricle is the most muscular and strongest part of the heart.

Back 16

The ventricles contract slightly after the atria.

Front 17

Blood in the ventricle is prevented from being forced back up into the atrium when the ventricle contracts by:

the pressure maintained in the circulatory system.

the dilation and contraction of the blood vessels in the body.

a one-way valve between the atrium and the ventricle.

the atrium contracting before the ventricle does.

Back 17

a one-way valve between the atrium and the ventricle.

Front 18

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called:

veins.

arteries.

capillaries.

venules.

Back 18

arteries

Front 19

The aorta begins with its attachment to the heart and continues inferiorly in front of the spine. It splits into two arteries at the:

level of the diaphragm.

level of the navel.

nipple level.

evel of the pubis.

Back 19

level of the navel.

Front 20

The components of the blood that carry oxygen to the tissues are the:

leukocytes.

erythrocytes.

platelets.

white corpuscles.

Back 20

erythrocytes.

Front 21

The pulse you feel at your patient's wrist is a result of the:

atria contracting.

left ventricle contracting.

right ventricle contracting.

left ventricle relaxing.

Back 21

left ventricle contracting

Front 22

Pressure created in arteries by blood forced into the circulation by the heart contracting is called:

diastolic blood pressure.

systolic blood pressure.

pulse pressure.

artrial pressure.

Back 22

systolic blood pressure.

Front 23

The nerves that carry messages from the brain to the body are the:

sensory nerves.

central nerves.

motor nerves.

autonomic nerves.

Back 23

motor nerves

Front 24

The division of the nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions and affects digestion and heart rate is the:

central nervous system.

motor nervous system.

sensory nervous system.

autonomic nervous system.

Back 24

autonomic nervous system.

Front 25

The layer of skin that contains no blood vessels or nerves is the:

epidermis.

dermis

muscle.

subcutaneous layers.

Back 25

epidermis.

Front 26

The production of insulin and epinephrine takes place within the:

cardiovascular system.

endocrine system.

nervous system.

lymph system.

Back 26

endocrine system

Front 27

Food enters the digestive system by way of the:

esophagus.

trachea.

nasopharynx.

small intestine.

Back 27

esophagus

Front 28

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are components of the:

stomach.

small intestine.

large intestine.

bowel.

Back 28

small intestine.

Front 29

Which of the following is NOT an organ that assists in the breakdown of food?

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

kidney

Back 29

kidney

Front 30

The _________ is best known for its ability to produce insulin, which assists in the regulation of sugar in the bloodstream.

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

kidney

Back 30

pancreas

Front 31

One of the major functions of the large intestine involves removal of old blood cells.

True

False

Back 31

False

The large intestine primarily removes water from waste products as they move toward elimination from the body.

Front 32

Each shoulder consists of several bones: the clavicle, the scapula, and the acromion process.
True
False

Back 32

False

The human shoulder contains three bone structures: the proximal humerus, the scapula, and the clavicle.

Front 33

The spleen filters blood.

True

False

Back 33

True

Front 34

There are four types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and involuntary.

True

False

Back 34

False

Front 35

Unlike all other arteries, the pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood.

True

False

Back 35

True
The pulmonary artery begins at the right ventricle and carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. You may notice that this is an exception to the rule that states that arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

Front 36

A tendon is a tissue that connects bone to bone.


True

False

Back 36

False

Front 37

Your patient is lying flat on his back in bed. He is in the supine position.
True
False

Back 37

True

Front 38

The ability of the heart to create its own electrical impulses is called automaticity.
True
False

Back 38

True

Front 39

A midline is a flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object.
True
False

Back 39

False

The midline is an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

Front 40

It is within the small intestines that the majority of nutrients are removed from food and transferred to into the bloodstream.

Back 40

True