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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Charles I
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became king in 1625, disapproved of Puritans and their ideas
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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colony that the Puritans started in the New World, where they could practice their strict religious beliefs
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John Winthrop
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the first chosen governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and set good examples for the rest of the colony
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Great Migration
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movement of some 15,000 men, women, and children from England to Massachusetts between 1629 and 1640
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Boston
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Massachusetts Bay Colony’s largest town where many of the newcomers settled
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Thomas Hooker
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a puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power
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Hartford
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a town built next to the Connecticut River, that Thomas Hooker and his settlers named Hartfort
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Roger Williams
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A Puritan who challenged leaders of Mass. Bay and a young minister in Salem—he thought the Church had too much Power, was viewed as a troublemaker, and left for fear of being sent back to England, ending up establishing the settlement of Rhode Island (bought from local Indians)
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Anne Hutchinson
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: a devout Puritan who fled to Rhode Island because she had questioned some of the Church’s teachings, and gathered to discuss sermons in her house
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Metacom
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King Phillip, chief of the Wampanoag Indians & he and his people attacked villages throughout New England—he was eventually captured and killed
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King Phillip
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Also known as Metacom (See above) chief of the Wampanoag Indians & he and his people attacked villages throughout New England—he was eventually captured and killed
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The common
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an open field where cattle grazed that was at the center of each village
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Meetinghouse
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near to the common—where Puritans worshiped and held town meetings
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William Penn
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He founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681. He was a personal friend of King Charles II, and came from a wealthy English family. He shocked family and friends by joining the Quakers at age 22. He thought the Quakers should leave England, and became a proprietor of a large tract of land in North America. He made Pennsylvania- Penn’s woodlands.
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Peter Stuyvesant
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He was a governor of New Netherland who swore to defend the city when English warships entered New Amsterdam’s harbor. Colonists refused to help him because of harsh rules and heavy taxes.
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The Duke Of York
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New York was named after him, and he was the brother of King Charles II of England.
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The "Holy Experiment"
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Penn thought of his colony, Pennsylvania, as a “holy experiment”, and he wanted it to be a model of religious freedom, peace, and Christian living.
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Philadelphia
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This was the capital city of Pennsylvania that was located along the Delaware River. Philadelphia means “brotherly love.” It was a noble, large, and well-built city, and therefore, grew quickly.
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The Great Wagon Road
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This was an old Iroquois trail that settlers followed when thousands of people came to Philadelphia.
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Patroon
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an owner of a huge estate that was granted by Dutch officials to encourage farming in New Netherland (at least 50 European farm families were supposed to be settled on the land)
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Proprietary colony
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This is when the king gives land to one or more people in return for yearly payment. The proprietors could divide land and rent it to others. They could make laws for the colony but had to respect rights of colonists under English law.
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Royal Colony
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Colony under the direct control of the English crown- charter protected religious freedom and rights of an assembly that voted on local matters
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Quakers
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They were one of the most despised religious groups in England. They were Protestant reformers and believed that all people were equal in God’s sight, allowed women to preach in public, wouldn’t bow for nobles, and spoke out against war- refusing to serve in the army. They were punished until Penn thought they should leave England. They moved to Pennsylvania.
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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These people were new arrivals to Pennsylvania, who were German-speaking Protestants. People could not pronounce Deutsch, meaning German so they called them the “Pennsylvania Dutch”.
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Cash Crop
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These are crops that are sold money at market. Middle Colonies cleared their fields and raised wheat, barley, and rye.
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Sir George Calvert
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Founded Maryland- a colony where Catholics could freely practice their religion
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Lord Baltimore
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Cecil Lord Baltimore, son of Sir George Calvert took over the colony of Maryland, and asked the assembly to pass an Act of Toleration. He was eager to attract settlers to Maryland.
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Chesapeake Bay
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200 colonists landed along the upper Chesapeake Bay across from Virginia, and founded Maryland. Chesapeake Bay was full of fish, oysters, and crabs.
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St. Mary's
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A drier location than Jamestown, where newcomers to Maryland built their first town.
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Margaret and Mary Brent
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sisters who took advantage of Lord Baltimore’s land offer and set up two large plantations, and prevented a rebellion among the governor’s soldiers
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Nathaniel Bacon
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an ambitious young planter who organized angry men and women on the frontier- Bacon’s Rebellion
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Charles Town
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Largest settlement of South Carolina, where Ashley and Cooper rivers met→ shortened eventually to Charleston
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James Oglethorpe
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a respected English soldier and energetic reformer who founded Georgia in 1732
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Savannah
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The first settlement in Georgia, at Savannah, above the Savannah River
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The Tidewater
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region along rivers and creeks of coastal plains were earliest planters settled- washed by ocean’s tides
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The Backcountry
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west of Tidewater, base of Appalachians, rolling hills and thick, forest-covered land
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The Middle Passage
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passage of slave ships west across the Atlantic Ocean
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Mason-Dixon Line
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It was a boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and it divided the Middle Colonies from the Southern Colonies
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Act Of Toleration
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The Act of Toleration was a law that provided religious freedom to all Christians. Lord Baltimore asked the assembly to pass this law in 1649 because he was afraid Protestants would deprive Catholic’s of their religion. This did not extend to Jews.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Nathaniel Bacon organized an uprising that only lasted a short time, but he burned Jamestown’s capital and raided Native American villages.
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Indigo
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a plant used to make a valuable blue dye
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Debtors
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People who owed money they could not pay back
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Slave Code
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Rules for slaves that treated enslaved Africans not as human beings but as property
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Racism
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the belief that one race is superior to another
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Mercantilism
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Part of this belief is that colonies should benefit their home countries. Nations became strong by keeping strict control over trade, and mercantilists thought that a country should export more than it imports.
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Exports
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goods sent to markets outside a country
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Imports
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goods brought into a country
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Navigation Acts
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English Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts that regulated trade between England and it’s colonies. These laws made sure that only England benefited from colonial trade, only English ships could carry goods to and from colonies, and that certain products such as tobacco and cotton could only be shipped to England by colonial merchants. Parliament created jobs for English workers who cut and rolled tobacco or spun cotton into cloth.
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Yankees
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Merchants from New England became known as Yankees when they dominated colonial trade, and were clever and hardworking. They had a reputation of profiting from any deal.
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Triangular Trade
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This was a trade route developed by colonial merchants that had three legs. New England carried fish, lumber, and other goods to the West Indies. Yankee traders bought molasses and sugar there and sailed back to New England, where colonists made rum out of the molasses and sugar. Next, ships carried rum, guns, and gunpowder to West Africa, where Yankees traded these goods for slaves. With profits from selling enslaved Africans, traders bought more molasses.
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Legislature
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a group of people who have the power to make laws
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Glorious Revolution
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The colonists won more rights from this in 1688. Parliament removed King James II from the throne, and asked William and Mary of Netherlands to rule. They signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689.
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Bill Of Rights
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written list of freedoms the government promises to protect
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English Bill Of Rights
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protected rights of individuals & gave anyone accused of crime the right to a trial by jury, and said that a ruler could not raise taxes or an army without Parliament approval
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Gentry
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top of society (included wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, and royal officials)
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Middle Class
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below gentry (farmers for their own land, skilled craftsworkers, tradespeope)… 1/3 of white colonists
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Indentured Servant
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worked 4-7 years in exchange from paid passage from England to the Americas, received freedom dues
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Gullah
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a West African language known by African Americans living in coastal regions
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Great Awakening
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religious movement occurring during the 1730s and ‘40s with drama and emotion (touched men & women of all backgrounds and classes)
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Public School
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schools supported by taxes that allowed poor & rich to receive education
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Tutor
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a private teacher
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Apprentice
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boys with parents who wanted them to learn a trade or craft & worked with a master to learn a trade or craft
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Dame School
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private schools run by women in their own homes (girls could not usually attend regular schools, and would go here)
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Enlightenment
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a movement that states people can gain knowledge of the world by observing and experimenting
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Libel
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act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation
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Negro Election Day
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American custom blending African and English traditions & Africans elected a leader for their community
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Jonathan Edwards
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New England preacher who helped set off the Great Awakening and told people to examine their lives during sermons
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George Whitefield
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English minister who was enthusiastic and energetic in his outdoor meetings, and called on sinners to repent with a ring in his voice
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John Locke
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an English philosopher who wrote works stating that people could gain knowledge of the world by observing and experimenting- widely read in colonies
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Benjamin Franklin
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: built successful printing business and published a book with clever quotes, used reason to improve the world around him
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Poor Richard's Almanac
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a book that was Ben Franklin’s most popular publication
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John Peter Zenger
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published Weekly Journal in New York City & was arrested for publishing stories that criticized the governor… freedom of the press became a recognized basic American right after he was freed from trial
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