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72 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Charles I
became king in 1625, disapproved of Puritans and their ideas
Massachusetts Bay Colony
colony that the Puritans started in the New World, where they could practice their strict religious beliefs
John Winthrop
the first chosen governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and set good examples for the rest of the colony
Great Migration
movement of some 15,000 men, women, and children from England to Massachusetts between 1629 and 1640
Boston
Massachusetts Bay Colony’s largest town where many of the newcomers settled
Thomas Hooker
a puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power
Hartford
a town built next to the Connecticut River, that Thomas Hooker and his settlers named Hartfort
Roger Williams
A Puritan who challenged leaders of Mass. Bay and a young minister in Salem—he thought the Church had too much Power, was viewed as a troublemaker, and left for fear of being sent back to England, ending up establishing the settlement of Rhode Island (bought from local Indians)
Anne Hutchinson
: a devout Puritan who fled to Rhode Island because she had questioned some of the Church’s teachings, and gathered to discuss sermons in her house
Metacom
King Phillip, chief of the Wampanoag Indians & he and his people attacked villages throughout New England—he was eventually captured and killed
King Phillip
Also known as Metacom (See above) chief of the Wampanoag Indians & he and his people attacked villages throughout New England—he was eventually captured and killed
The common
an open field where cattle grazed that was at the center of each village
Meetinghouse
near to the common—where Puritans worshiped and held town meetings
William Penn
He founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681. He was a personal friend of King Charles II, and came from a wealthy English family. He shocked family and friends by joining the Quakers at age 22. He thought the Quakers should leave England, and became a proprietor of a large tract of land in North America. He made Pennsylvania- Penn’s woodlands.
Peter Stuyvesant
He was a governor of New Netherland who swore to defend the city when English warships entered New Amsterdam’s harbor. Colonists refused to help him because of harsh rules and heavy taxes.
The Duke Of York
New York was named after him, and he was the brother of King Charles II of England.
The "Holy Experiment"
Penn thought of his colony, Pennsylvania, as a “holy experiment”, and he wanted it to be a model of religious freedom, peace, and Christian living.
Philadelphia
This was the capital city of Pennsylvania that was located along the Delaware River. Philadelphia means “brotherly love.” It was a noble, large, and well-built city, and therefore, grew quickly.
The Great Wagon Road
This was an old Iroquois trail that settlers followed when thousands of people came to Philadelphia.
Patroon
an owner of a huge estate that was granted by Dutch officials to encourage farming in New Netherland (at least 50 European farm families were supposed to be settled on the land)
Proprietary colony
This is when the king gives land to one or more people in return for yearly payment. The proprietors could divide land and rent it to others. They could make laws for the colony but had to respect rights of colonists under English law.
Royal Colony
Colony under the direct control of the English crown- charter protected religious freedom and rights of an assembly that voted on local matters
Quakers
They were one of the most despised religious groups in England. They were Protestant reformers and believed that all people were equal in God’s sight, allowed women to preach in public, wouldn’t bow for nobles, and spoke out against war- refusing to serve in the army. They were punished until Penn thought they should leave England. They moved to Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania Dutch
These people were new arrivals to Pennsylvania, who were German-speaking Protestants. People could not pronounce Deutsch, meaning German so they called them the “Pennsylvania Dutch”.
Cash Crop
These are crops that are sold money at market. Middle Colonies cleared their fields and raised wheat, barley, and rye.
Sir George Calvert
Founded Maryland- a colony where Catholics could freely practice their religion
Lord Baltimore
Cecil Lord Baltimore, son of Sir George Calvert took over the colony of Maryland, and asked the assembly to pass an Act of Toleration. He was eager to attract settlers to Maryland.
Chesapeake Bay
200 colonists landed along the upper Chesapeake Bay across from Virginia, and founded Maryland. Chesapeake Bay was full of fish, oysters, and crabs.
St. Mary's
A drier location than Jamestown, where newcomers to Maryland built their first town.
Margaret and Mary Brent
sisters who took advantage of Lord Baltimore’s land offer and set up two large plantations, and prevented a rebellion among the governor’s soldiers
Nathaniel Bacon
an ambitious young planter who organized angry men and women on the frontier- Bacon’s Rebellion
Charles Town
Largest settlement of South Carolina, where Ashley and Cooper rivers met→ shortened eventually to Charleston
James Oglethorpe
a respected English soldier and energetic reformer who founded Georgia in 1732
Savannah
The first settlement in Georgia, at Savannah, above the Savannah River
The Tidewater
region along rivers and creeks of coastal plains were earliest planters settled- washed by ocean’s tides
The Backcountry
west of Tidewater, base of Appalachians, rolling hills and thick, forest-covered land
The Middle Passage
passage of slave ships west across the Atlantic Ocean
Mason-Dixon Line
It was a boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and it divided the Middle Colonies from the Southern Colonies
Act Of Toleration
The Act of Toleration was a law that provided religious freedom to all Christians. Lord Baltimore asked the assembly to pass this law in 1649 because he was afraid Protestants would deprive Catholic’s of their religion. This did not extend to Jews.
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon organized an uprising that only lasted a short time, but he burned Jamestown’s capital and raided Native American villages.
Indigo
a plant used to make a valuable blue dye
Debtors
People who owed money they could not pay back
Slave Code
Rules for slaves that treated enslaved Africans not as human beings but as property
Racism
the belief that one race is superior to another
Mercantilism
Part of this belief is that colonies should benefit their home countries. Nations became strong by keeping strict control over trade, and mercantilists thought that a country should export more than it imports.
Exports
goods sent to markets outside a country
Imports
goods brought into a country
Navigation Acts
English Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts that regulated trade between England and it’s colonies. These laws made sure that only England benefited from colonial trade, only English ships could carry goods to and from colonies, and that certain products such as tobacco and cotton could only be shipped to England by colonial merchants. Parliament created jobs for English workers who cut and rolled tobacco or spun cotton into cloth.
Yankees
Merchants from New England became known as Yankees when they dominated colonial trade, and were clever and hardworking. They had a reputation of profiting from any deal.
Triangular Trade
This was a trade route developed by colonial merchants that had three legs. New England carried fish, lumber, and other goods to the West Indies. Yankee traders bought molasses and sugar there and sailed back to New England, where colonists made rum out of the molasses and sugar. Next, ships carried rum, guns, and gunpowder to West Africa, where Yankees traded these goods for slaves. With profits from selling enslaved Africans, traders bought more molasses.
Legislature
a group of people who have the power to make laws
Glorious Revolution
The colonists won more rights from this in 1688. Parliament removed King James II from the throne, and asked William and Mary of Netherlands to rule. They signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689.
Bill Of Rights
written list of freedoms the government promises to protect
English Bill Of Rights
protected rights of individuals & gave anyone accused of crime the right to a trial by jury, and said that a ruler could not raise taxes or an army without Parliament approval
Gentry
top of society (included wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, and royal officials)
Middle Class
below gentry (farmers for their own land, skilled craftsworkers, tradespeope)… 1/3 of white colonists
Indentured Servant
worked 4-7 years in exchange from paid passage from England to the Americas, received freedom dues
Gullah
a West African language known by African Americans living in coastal regions
Great Awakening
religious movement occurring during the 1730s and ‘40s with drama and emotion (touched men & women of all backgrounds and classes)
Public School
schools supported by taxes that allowed poor & rich to receive education
Tutor
a private teacher
Apprentice
boys with parents who wanted them to learn a trade or craft & worked with a master to learn a trade or craft
Dame School
private schools run by women in their own homes (girls could not usually attend regular schools, and would go here)
Enlightenment
a movement that states people can gain knowledge of the world by observing and experimenting
Libel
act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation
Negro Election Day
American custom blending African and English traditions & Africans elected a leader for their community
Jonathan Edwards
New England preacher who helped set off the Great Awakening and told people to examine their lives during sermons
George Whitefield
English minister who was enthusiastic and energetic in his outdoor meetings, and called on sinners to repent with a ring in his voice
John Locke
an English philosopher who wrote works stating that people could gain knowledge of the world by observing and experimenting- widely read in colonies
Benjamin Franklin
: built successful printing business and published a book with clever quotes, used reason to improve the world around him
Poor Richard's Almanac
a book that was Ben Franklin’s most popular publication
John Peter Zenger
published Weekly Journal in New York City & was arrested for publishing stories that criticized the governor… freedom of the press became a recognized basic American right after he was freed from trial