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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Perception
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the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people
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Nonverbal Communication
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the way in which people communicate, intentionally, or unintentionally, without words ; nonverbal cues include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, the use of touch, and gaze
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Encode
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to express or emit nonverbal behavior, such as smiling or patting someone on the back
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Decode
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to interpret the meaning of nonverbal behavior other people express, such as deciding that a pat on the back was an expression of condescension and not kindness
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Affect Blend
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a facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part of the face registers a different emotion
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Display Rules
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culturally determined rules about which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate to display
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Emblems
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nonverbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within a given gesture ; they usually have direct verbal translations -- such as the "ok" sign
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Implicit Personality Theory
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a type of schema people use to group various kinds of personality traits together
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Attribution Theory
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a description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and other people's behaviors
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Internal Attribution
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the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitudes, character, or personality
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External Attribution
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the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation he / she is in ; the assumption is that most people would respond the same way in the situation
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Covariation Model
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a theory that states that to form an attribution about what caused a person's behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence or absence of possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs.
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Consensus Information
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information about the extent to which other people behave the same way toward the same stimulus as the actor does
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Distinctiveness Information
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information about the extent to which one particular actors behaves in the same way to different stimulus
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Consistency Information
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information about the extent to which the behavior between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behaviors is due to internal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of situational factors
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Perceptual Salience
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the seeming importance of information that is the focus of people's attention
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Two-Step Process of Attribution
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analyzing another person's behavior first by making an automatic internal attribution and only then thinking about possible situational reasons for the behavior, after which one may adjust the original internal attribution
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Self-Serving Attribution
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explanations for one's successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one's failures that blame external, situational factors
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Defensive Attributions
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explanations for behavior that avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality
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Bias Blind Spot
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the tendency to think that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are
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Belief in a Just World
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a form of defensive attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people and the good things happen to good people
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